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BIOLOGY > CHAPTER 4: Tissues, Glands, Membranes > Flashcards

CHAPTER 4: Tissues, Glands, Membranes Flashcards

1
Q

Collection of similar cells, and the substances surrounding them

A

Tissues

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2
Q

Substances surrounding the cells

A

Extracellular Matrix

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3
Q

4 Primary Tissues

A
  1. Epithelial
  2. Connective
  3. Muscle
  4. Nervous
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4
Q

MICROSCOPIC study of tissues

A

Histology

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5
Q

Process of removing tissue samples - surgically, or with a needle - for diagnostic purposes

A

Biopsy

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6
Q

Approx __ days after fertilization, the cells that give rise to a new individual, form an elongated disk of three (germ) layers.

A

18 days

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7
Q

Name the 3 germ layers

A
  1. ENDOderm (inner)
  2. MESOderm (middle)
  3. ECTOderm (outer)
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8
Q

The germ layer that forms the lining of the digestive tract, and its derivatives

A

ENDOderm

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9
Q

The germ layer that forms tissues - muscle, bone, blood vessels

A

MESOderm

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10
Q

The germ layer that forms the outermost layer of the skin

A

ECTOderm

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11
Q

Portion of the ectoderm that becomes the nervous system

A

Neuroectoderm

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12
Q

A (tissue) protective covering of external and internal surfaces of the body

A. Connective
B. Muscle
C. Epithelial
D. Nervous

A

Epithelial

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13
Q

T/F

Epithelium consists almost entirely of cells, with very little extracellular matrix between them

A

TRUE

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14
Q

Most Epithelial tissues have one __ surface, a __ surface, and a __ surface.

A
  1. Free / Apical
  2. Lateral
  3. Basal
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15
Q

The Free/Apical surface of epithelial tissue is not attached to other cells, and often lines the lumen of __, __, or __.

A

Lumen of…
Ducts
Vessels
Cavities

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16
Q

The Lateral surface of epithelial tissue (is/is not) attached to other epithelial cells

A

IS attached

17
Q

The Basal surface of most epithelial tissue is attached to a __ __.

A

Basement membrane

Meshwork of protein & other molecules

18
Q

The basement membrane is secreted by

A

The epithelial cells, and underlying connective tissue cells

19
Q

The basement membrane plays an important role in __________ during Tissue Repair.

A

Supporting & Guiding cell migration

20
Q

T/F

Epithelium is avascular

A

TRUE

Does NOT contain blood vessels

21
Q

Epithelial cells exchange gases and nutrients by ______

A

Diffusion, with blood vessels in underlying tissues

22
Q

Functions of Epithelia (5)

A
  1. Protection - underlying structures
  2. Barriers
  3. Permits passage of subst. (Transport)
  4. Secrete subst.
  5. Absorb subst.
23
Q

Epithelia are classified by the number of __ __, and the ___

A
  1. Cell layers

2. Shapes of the cells

24
Q

__ __ consists of a single layer of cells

A

Simple epithelium

25
Q

__ __ consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells.

A

Stratified epithelium

26
Q

Three cell shapes

A
  1. Squamous (flat, thin)
  2. Cuboidal (cube like)
  3. Columnar (tall, thin)
27
Q

When epithelium is STRATIFIED, it is named according to the ____

A

Shape of the cells at the FREE surface

28
Q

SIMPLE SQUAMOUS: Often found where __ or __ takes place

A

Diffusion

Filtration

29
Q

SIMPLE SQUAMOUS: Location

A

Lung alveoli…

30
Q

Simple Squamous:

  1. Alveoli (allows O2 in & CO2 out)
  2. @ Kidneys (forms barriers - only small molecules may pass)
  3. @ Lining of cavities (secretes fluid > lubricates > prevents friction)
A

Simple Squamous:

  1. Alveoli (allows O2 in & CO2 out)
  2. @ Kidneys (forms barriers - only small molecules may pass)
  3. @ Lining of cavities (secretes fluid > lubricates > prevents friction)
31
Q

__ __ epithelium is a single layer of cube like cells

A

Simple cuboidal

32
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium: Function

A

Carries out:

  1. Active Transport
  2. Facilitated Diffusion
  3. Secretion
33
Q

Some Cuboidal epithelial cells have 1.__ that move mucus over the free surface, or 2.__ that increase the surface area for secretion and absorption

A
  1. Cilia (@ bronchioles)

2. Microvilli (@ kidney tubules)

34
Q

SIMPLE CUBOIDAL: Location

A

Kidney tubules
Lining, terminal Bronchioles
Surface, Ovaries

BIOLOGY (5 decks)

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