Chapter 40 - Patients with Special Challenges

Question 1

acute renal failure (ARF)

Answer 1

a rapid loss of renal function that results in poor urine production, electrolyte disturbance, and fluid balance disturbance.

Question 2

apnea monitor

Answer 2

device that monitors breathing and emits a warning signal if breathing stops.

Question 3

bariatrics

Answer 3

medical management of obese patients.

Question 4

bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP)

Answer 4

a form of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. The BiPAP device delivers a continuous flow of air under pressure. It differs from the CPAP device in that it provides different pressures: higher during inspiration, lower during expiration. See also continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).

Question 5

birth defects

Answer 5

a variation from normal structure or function that is present at birth.

Question 6

cataract

Answer 6

clouding of the lens of the eye from pathologic changes within the lens.

Question 7

central intravenous catheter

Answer 7

a catheter that is designed to deliver medication into the central circulation of the body.

Question 8

chronic kidney disease (CKD)

Answer 8

see chronic renal failure. a progressive loss of kidney function over a period of months to years.

Question 9

chronic renal failure (CRF)

Answer 9

a progressive loss of kidney function over a period of months to years.

Question 10

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Answer 10

a form of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. The CPAP device delivers a continuous flow of air under pressure. See also bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP).

Question 11

diabetic retinopathy

Answer 11

damage to the small blood vessels of the eye from the long term effects of diabetes mellitus.

Question 12

dialysis

Answer 12

an artificial process used to remove water and waste substances from the blood when the kidneys fail to function properly.

Question 13

dialysis shunt

Answer 13

a joining of arterial and venous systems in such a way that the repeated needlesticks required for dialysis cause a minimal amount of damage to the patients body.

Question 14

dysarthria

Answer 14

defective speech caused by impairment of the tongue or other muscles necessary for speech.

Question 15

enteral feeding

Answer 15

provision of nutrition through a tube inserted through the nose, the mouth, or a surgical opening in the abdomen into the gastrointestinal system.

Question 16

glaucoma

Answer 16

an abnormal increase in intraocular pressure that damages the optic nerve, resulting in loss of peripheral vision and eventual blindness.

Question 17

hospice

Answer 17

a philosophy of care that is aimed at providing relief of symptoms for the patients and support for their families during the late stages of a terminal condition.

Question 18

intraventricular shunt

Answer 18

a tube surgically placed in a ventricle of the brain that extends to a blood vessel in the neck, the heart, or the abdomen, or to an external collector to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid from the brain and keep intracranial pressure at an acceptable level.

Question 19

medical oxygen

Answer 19

oxygen administered as a medication or to support or improve a patients oxygenation.

Question 20

ostomy bag

Answer 20

a pouch or bag that is attached outside the body to collect feces that are removed from the body through an opening in the abdominal wall.

Question 21

paraplegic

Answer 21

paralyzed from the waist down.

Question 22

pulse oximeter

Answer 22

electronic device use dot determine the oxygen concentration in arterial blodd.

Question 23

quadriplegic

Answer 23

paralyzed from the neck down.

Question 24

stoma

Answer 24

a permanent surgical opening into the neck and trachea. See also tracheostomy.

Question 25

surgically implanted medication delivery devices

Answer 25

medication administration devices that are surgically placed beneath the skin outside the rib cage. Also called a totally implantable venous access system (TIVAS).

Question 26

terminally ill

Answer 26

the condition of an individual who has a disease process that is realistically expected to result in the death of the patient, despite medical treatment.

Question 27

totally implantable venous access system (TIVAS)

Answer 27

medication administration devices that are surgically placed beneath the skin outside the rib cage.

Question 28

tracheostomy

Answer 28

a surgical opening in the trachea.

Question 29

urinary catheter

Answer 29

a device that is used to divert urine out of the bladder.

Question 30

vascular access device

Answer 30

a medical device that is used when a patent is in need of ongoing intravenous medications.

Question 31

ventricular assist device (VAD)

Answer 31

a medical device that is used to assist the pump function of one or both ventricles, most commonly the left ventricle.