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Basic Principles Exam 3 > Chapter 42 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance > Flashcards

Chapter 42 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four characteristics of body fluids?

A

1 volume
2 osmolarity
3 electrolyte concentration
4 pH

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2
Q

Intravascular Plasma

A

liquid of blood (3 L)

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3
Q

Interstitial Fluid

A

between cells, outside of vessels (11L)
(CSF, synovial fluid, pleural fluid, and peritoneal fluid)

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4
Q

Intracellular Fluid

A

in the cell (28 L)

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5
Q

What does the Hypothalamus control?

A

thirst and temperature

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6
Q

What does excessive vomiting and diarrhea cause?

A

clinical dehydration = ECV deficit + hypernatremia

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7
Q

What are the three parts of acid-base balance?

A
  1. Acid Production: cell metabolism
  2. Acid Buffering: keep blood pH stable
  3. Acid Excretion: lungs (carbonic acid) & kidneys (metabolic acid)
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8
Q

What few things cause abnormal electrolyte loss?

A

vomiting, drainage, and diarrhea

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9
Q

Abnormal Potassium Levels

A

Hyperkalemia: high K in the blood
Hypokalemia: low K in the blood

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10
Q

Abnormal Calcium Levels

A

Hypercalcemia: high Ca in the blood
Hypocalcemia: low Ca in the blood

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11
Q

Abnormal Magnesium Levels

A

Hypermagnesemia: high Mg levels in blood
Hypomagnesemia: low Mg levels in blood

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12
Q

How do magnesium and calcium levels affect muscle excitability?

A

low levels cause increased muscle excitability
high levels cause decreased muscle excitability

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13
Q

What is the normal blood pH?

A

7.35 to 7.45

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14
Q

What is an ABG and what does it test?

A

Arterial Blood Gas
Tests levels of: CO2, O2, pH, HCO3, and base excess (whole number)

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15
Q

What is the main player of pH?

A

hydrogen ions

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16
Q

What causes respiratory acidosis? Respiratory alkalosis?

A

acidosis: lungs do not excrete the amount of carbonic acid that they should
alkalosis: lungs are excreting too much carbonic acid

17
Q

What causes metabolic acidosis? Metabolic alkalosis?

A

acidosis: kidneys do not excrete metabolic acid as well as they should
alkalosis: kidneys excrete too much metabolic acid

18
Q

How does the body compensate for respiratory acidosis? Respiratory alkalosis?

A

Acidosis: kidneys excrete metabolic acid (slow)
Alkalosis: kidneys hold onto metabolic acid

19
Q

What is classified as acidosis? Alkalosis?

A

Acidosis: less than 7.35
Alkalosis: greater than 7.45

20
Q

How does the body compensate for metabolic acidosis? Metabolic alkalosis?

A

Acidosis: lungs secrete carbonic acid (increased rr) (quicker)
Alkalosis: lungs hold onto carbonic acid (decreased rr)

21
Q

Sodium serum lab value

A

136 to 145

22
Q

Potassium serum lab value

A

3.5 to 5.0

23
Q

Chloride serum lab value

A

98 to 106

24
Q

HCO3 serum lab value

A

21 to 28

25
Q

Calcium serum lab value

A

9.0 to 10.5

26
Q

Magnesium serum lab value

A

1.3 to 2.1

Basic Principles Exam 3 (3 decks)

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