Chapter 5

Question 0

Similarity

Answer 0

In perception a principle by which we tend to group like figures especially by color and orientation

Question 1

Gestalt psychology

Answer 1

A theoretical approach that emphasizes the role of organized wholes in perception and other psychological processes

Question 2

Proximity

Answer 2

In perception the closeness of two figures. the closer together they are the more we tend to group them together perceptually

Question 3

Good continuation

Answer 3

A factor in visual grouping; we tend to perceive contours in a way that alters their direction as little as possible

Question 4

Subjective contours

Answer 4

Perceived contours that do not exist physically. we tend to complete figures that have gaps in them as perceiving a contour as continuing along its original path

Question 5

Reversible figure

Answer 5

A visual pattern that easily allows more than one interpretation, in some cases changing the specification of figure and ground and in other cases changing the perceived organization in depth

Question 6

Visual search

Answer 6

Task in which participants are asked to determine whether a specified target is present within a field of stimuli

Question 7

Feature net

Answer 7

A model of pattern recognition involving a network of detectors and having feature detectors as the networks starting point

Question 8

Geons (geometric ions)

Answer 8

Simple geometric figures such as cubes cylinders and pyramids that can be combined to create all other shapes. An early and crucial step in some models of object recognition is determining which geons are present

Question 9

Parvo cells

Answer 9

Ganglion cells that, because of the sensitivity to differences in hue, are particularly suited to perceiving color and form

Question 10

Mango cells

Answer 10

Ganglion cells that, because of their sensitivity to brightness changes, are particularly suited to perceiving motion and depth

Question 11

“What” system

Answer 11

The visual pathway leading from the visual cortex to the Temporel love; especially involved in identifying objects

Question 12

“Where” system

Answer 12

The visual pathway leading from the visual cortex to the parietal lobe, especially involved in locating objects in space and coordinating movements

Question 13

Binding problem

Answer 13

The problem confronted by the brain of recombining the elements of a stimulus, given the fact that these elements are initially analyzed separately by different neural systems

Question 14

Perceptual constancy

Answer 14

The accurate perception of certain attributes of a distal object such as its shape size and brightness, despite changes in the proximal stimulus caused by variations in our viewing circumstances

Question 15

Unconscious inference

Answer 15

A process postulated by Hermann von Helmholtz to explain certain perceptual phenomenon such as size constancy. For example an object if it is perceived to be at a certain distance and this is unconsciously taken into account in assessing it’s retinal image size with the result that size constancy is maintained

Question 16

Depth cue

Answer 16

Sources of information that signal the distance from the observer to the distal stimulus

Question 17

Binocular disparity

Answer 17

A Depth cue based on the differences between the two eyes views of the world. this difference becomes less pronounced the farther an object is from the observer

Question 18

Monocular depth cues

Answer 18

Features of the visual stimulus that indicate distance even if the stimulus is viewed with only one Eye

Question 19

Pictorial cues

Answer 19

Patterns that can be represented on a flat surface in order to create a sense of a three-dimensional object or scene

Question 20

Interposition

Answer 20

A monocular cue to distance that relies on the fact that objects farther away are blocked from view by closer objects

Question 21

Linear perspective

Answer 21

A cue for distance based on the fact that parallel lines seem to converge as I get farther away from the viewer

Question 22

Motion parallax

Answer 22

A depth cue based on the fact that as an observer moves their retinal images of nearby objects move more rapidly then do the retinal images of objects farther away

Question 23

Motion detectors

Answer 23

Cells in the visual cortex that are sensitive to an image moving in a particular direction across the retina

Question 24

Apparent movement

Answer 24

The perception of movement produced by stimuli that are stationary but are presented first at one position and then, at an appropriate time interval, presented at a different position

Question 25

Induced motion

Answer 25

Perceived movement of a stationary stimulus usually caused by movement of a surrounding frame work or nearby objects

Question 26

Correspondence problem

Answer 26

As your view changes the perceptual task of determining which aspects of the current view correspond to which aspects of view seen a moment ago

Question 27

Illusory conjunction

Answer 27

A pattern of errors in which observers correctly perceive the features present in a display, such as color and shape, but misperceive how they were combined. For example, they might report seeing a green O and a red X when a green X and red O were presented

Question 28

Priming

Answer 28

The process through which a detector or portion of the nervous system is prepared for an upcoming input, making it easier for the participants recognize that input