chapter 5

Question 1

sign

Answer 1

an image that sands for or represents something specific and often looks like or depicts the things it represents

Question 2

symbols

Answer 2

an arbitrary collection of sounds that in certain combinations stand for concept

Question 3

triangle of meaning

Answer 3

• symbol
• thought
• referent

Question 4

meaning

Answer 4

how a person interprets or makes sense of the word

Question 5

denotative meaning

Answer 5

the objective, dictionary-based meaning of a word

Question 6

connotative meaning

Answer 6

the personal feeling connected to the meaning of a word

Question 7

Concrete

Answer 7

• tangibles
• words that you can demonstrate to other people using the fives sense
• these things can be seen, felt, tasted, heard and or smelt

Question 8

abstract

Answer 8

intangible

words that demonstrate ideas, emotions, actions, qualities and conditions

Question 9

onymous

Answer 9

the author is clearly identified as in books or articles, face-to-face convos and possible phone convo

Question 10

anonymous

Answer 10

the author is unidentified

Question 11

direct

Answer 11

clearly states the speaker’s preferences and then ask if the listener agrees

Question 12

indirect

Answer 12

the speaker is attempting to get the listener to say or so something without revealing their own position. the speakers preferences are unclear

Question 13

truthful

Answer 13

expressing the truth, that which is true or in accordance with fact or reality

Question 14

deceptive

Answer 14

misleading, giving an impression that is not true. Lying refers to act of sending a message with the intention of giving information that you know to be false

Question 15

polite message

Answer 15

• reflect positively on others
• are respective
• are less direct

Question 16

impolite message

Answer 16

• attacking/ critical

- demanding/ forcing

Question 17

immediacy

Answer 17

the creation of closeness, togetherness and oneness between the speaker and the listener

Question 18

inclusion

Answer 18

inclusive message include all people present and they acknowledge the relevance of others

Question 19

confirmation

Answer 19

• acknowledges the other person’s presence and importance

- shows acceptance and respective of the person and relationship

Question 20

disconfirmation

Answer 20

• ignoring the other person and their communication

- denies the other person’s significance

Question 21

political correctness

Answer 21

involves the use of language that does not exclude or offend listeners

Question 22

principle of verbal messages

Answer 22

1. meanings are created by people
2. denotative meaning or connotative meaning
3. abstract meaning or concrete meaning
4. onymous or anonymous
5. direct or indirect
6. truthful or deceptive
7. politeness
8. immediacy
9. inclusion
10. assertiveness