Chapter 5

Question 1

melody

Answer 1

the experience of a sequence of pitches that belong together

Question 2

pitch height

Answer 2

related to the frequency of vibration

- changes within the category

Question 3

pitch chroma

Answer 3

the category represented by a certain pitch

Question 4

octave equivalence

Answer 4

the fact that tones separated by an octave have the same chroma category

Question 5

interval

Answer 5

the transition from one pitch to the next

Question 6

relative pitch

Answer 6

the ability to recognize and remember pitches by virtue of their relationships to one another

Question 7

perfect pitch or absolute pitch

Answer 7

can identify pitch chroma of isolated tones or produce chroma without being given a reference pitch

Question 8

melodic contour

Answer 8

the shape of a melody

Question 9

key

Answer 9

the kind of scale structure that a melody implies

Question 10

tonal melodies

Answer 10

the constituent pitches imply a specific key

Question 11

atonal melodies

Answer 11

there is no implication

Question 12

most structurally important chords

Answer 12

1, 4, 5

tonic, dominant, subdominant

Question 13

Proximity

Answer 13

the elements near each other seem to be seen as a group

Question 14

similarity

Answer 14

elements that are similar tend to be seen as a group

Question 15

closure

Answer 15

tendency to close the gap of something if its incomplete and perceive it as whole

Question 16

good continuation

Answer 16

smooth continuity is preferred over abrupt changes of direction

Question 17

phonemic restoration

Answer 17

listeners continue to hear intact speech even when a phoneme is replaced with noise

Question 18

scale illusion

Answer 18

• notes of ascending and descending scale alternated simultaneously in each ear
• they were perceived as two groups of scales in each ear, a higher scale and lower scale

Question 19

what gestalt principles does the scale illusion imply

Answer 19

mostly proximity and similarity

Question 20

how many ppl does absolute pitch occur in

Answer 20

1/10000

Question 21

conical representation of similarity

Answer 21

• first level is chords that are part of a triad
  -second level is chords that are not part of the triad
  -third level is pitches that are not in the same key
  diameter of circles corresponds to similarity of notes

Question 22

levitin

Answer 22

got participants to sing a song from memory

- found that most participants produced a song within 1 or 2 semitones of the original key

Question 23

schellenberg and trehub

Answer 23

• most people were able to identify the correct key of the tv show they listened to
• proved that good pitch memory is widespread