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Psych 2042 > Chapter 5 - ADHD > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - ADHD Flashcards

1
Q

How is ADHD assessed?

A
  • clinical interview

- standardized rating scales

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2
Q

What are the core characteristics of ADHD?

A

inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity

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3
Q

Attentional capacity refers to:

A

the amount of info you can remember in a short period of time

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4
Q

Selective attention refers to:

A

concentrate on relevant stimuli/ignore irrelevant

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5
Q

Distractibility refers to:

A

a deficit in selective attention

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6
Q

Sustained attention (vigilance) refers to:

A

ability to focus over time & when tired

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7
Q

What is the primary deficit of ADHD in terms of inattention?

A

Sustained attention

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8
Q

What are the 3 subtypes of ADHD?

A

1) predominant inattentive type (space cadets, learning disorders)
2) predominant hyperactive-impulsivity type
3) combined type (symptoms of both)

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9
Q

Does DSM5 use subtypes of ADHD?

A

no

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10
Q

What age must ADHD appear before in DSM and how long does it have to occur for to be considered a disorder?

A

12; 6 months (limitations bc of this)

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11
Q

Cognitive deficits of ADHD are:

A

intellectual, academic fn, learning disorders, distorted self-perceptions (usually higher)

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12
Q

Do children with ADHD experience speech & language impairment?

A

yes (30-60%)

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13
Q

Are kids with ADHD hyper or hypo sensitive in terms of sensory inhibition dysfunction?

A

can be both

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14
Q

What % of kids with ADHD have a co-occurring psych disorder?

A

80%

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15
Q

What % have ODD?

A

50%

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16
Q

What % have CD?

A

30-50%

17
Q

What % have anxiety?

A

25%

18
Q

What % have mood disorders?

A

20-30%

19
Q

The COMT gene plays a specific role in which co-occurring psych disorder?

A

ODD & CD

20
Q

What % of kids worldwide have ADHD?

A

5%

21
Q

What % of kids referred to clinics have ADHD?

A

50%

22
Q

What is the ratio of boys:girls who have ADHD?

A

2.5 : 1

23
Q

Does the ratio of boys:girls who have ADHD decrease in teens?

A

yes (1.6 : 1)

24
Q

In clinics, what is the ratio of boys:girls who are referred that have ADHD?

A

6 : 1 (boys referred more)

25
Q

When does ADHD become prevalent?

A

ages 3-4

26
Q

What % of kids diagnosed suffer in their teens?

A

50%

27
Q

Does evidence support the theory of cognitive functioning deficits as the cause of ADHD?

A

NO - bc 50% of ADHD kids don’t show cognitive impairments at all

28
Q

Does the theory of arousal level deficits think that kids with ADHD are more aroused or less aroused?

A

less aroused! so they have to continually stimulate themselves

29
Q

Abnormalities in which regions of the brain cause ADHD?

A

frontal lobes, basal ganglia, frontostriatal circuit

30
Q

Which NTs plays a key role in ADHD?

A

dopamine (DRD4 gene) & norepinephrine

31
Q

What fraction of biological relatives have ADHD?

A

1/3

32
Q

Adoptions studies show that ADHD is ___x higher in biological vs. adoptive.

A

3 times

33
Q

Twin studies show ____% of heritability.

A

75

34
Q

What parts of the brain are smaller in kids with ADHD?

A

RIGHT hem, total brain volume, cerebellum

35
Q

Primary treatment for ADHD combines which 3 treatments?

A

1) stimulants
2) parent management training (PMT)
3) education intervention

36
Q

What other treatments are available beside the primary one?

A
  • summer treatment, family counselling, support groups
37
Q

What are the 2 most effective stimulants to use when treating ADHD?

A

1) dextroamphetamine

2) methylphenidate

38
Q

What other drugs (beside stimulants) can be used to treat ADHD?

A

1) noradrengergic
2) anti-depressants
3) anti-hypertensives

39
Q

Order these in terms of most effective to least effective in terms of treatments.

  • behavioural
  • combined med & behav
  • routine community
  • med
A

combined > med > behav > community

Psych 2042 (4 decks)

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