Chapter 5 and 6

Question 1

Class

Answer 1

A group of people with a similar level of wealth and income.

Question 2

Social Stratification

Answer 2

The ranking of people in any given society by class and status.

Question 3

Stratified Society

Answer 3

A society in which there is an unequal distribution of rewards among its members.

Question 4

Achieved Status

Answer 4

A social position attained by a person largely through his or her own effort.

Question 5

Ascribed Status

Answer 5

A social position assigned to a person without regard for his or her characteristics or talents.

Question 6

Closed System

Answer 6

A system with strict boundaries between different social positions.

Question 7

Intergenerational Mobility

Answer 7

Social movement experienced by family members from one generation to the next.

Question 8

Intragenerational Mobility

Answer 8

Social movement of individuals within their own lifetime.

Question 9

Open System

Answer 9

A system in which the boundaries between social positions are more flexible.

Question 10

Social Mobility

Answer 10

The movement of individuals or groups from one level in stratification system to another.

Question 11

Caste System

Answer 11

A system of social inequality in which a person’s permanent social status is determined at birth based on their parents’ ascribed characteristics.

Question 12

Apartheid

Answer 12

An official policy of racial segregation formerly practised in South Africa involving political, legal and economic discrimination against non-whites.

Question 13

Class System

Answer 13

A type of stratification based on the ownership and control of resources and the type of work people do.

Question 14

Horizontal Mobility

Answer 14

When people experience a gain or loss in position and/or income that does not produce a change in their place in the class structure.

Question 15

Vertical Mobility

Answer 15

When people experience a gain or loss in position and/or income that causes movement up or down the class structure.

Question 16

Power

Answer 16

The ability to exercise one’s will over others.

Question 17

Status Group

Answer 17

A group of people that have the same prestige or lifestyle

Question 18

Meritocracy

Answer 18

A society where people are judged on their individual abilities rather than their family connections.

Question 19

Social Class

Answer 19

A segment of society whose members hold similar amounts of resources and often share values, norms, lifestyle, education and type of work.

Question 20

Income

Answer 20

The amount of money received (wages, salaries, financial assistance) during a given time period by an individual or group.

Question 21

Wealth

Answer 21

The economic resources (property, land, cars etc.) possessed by an individual or group.

Question 22

Disposable Income

Answer 22

The income left over after paying for necessities such as food, clothing and accommodations.

Question 23

Absolute Poverty

Answer 23

The deprivation of resources that are considered essential – enough food and fresh water, and a safe place to live.

Question 24

Low Income Cut-Offs (LICO)

Answer 24

A statistical measure by Stats Canada that is a means of further identifying economic inequality.

Question 25

Relative Poverty

Answer 25

Measuring the deprivation of some people against those who have more.

Question 26

Glass Ceiling

Answer 26

An invisible but real barrier through which the next stage or level of advancement can be seen, but cannot be reached by a section of qualified and deserving employees.

Question 27

Stigma

Answer 27

A label society uses to devalue members of certain social groups.

Question 28

External Social Control

Answer 28

Society’s efforts to bring those who step outside the lines back into the line; it is made up of a system of rewards and punishments.

Question 29

Formal Sanctions

Answer 29

Rewards or punishments that may be imposed by people who have been given special authority.

Question 30

Informal Sanctions

Answer 30

Rewards or punishments that can be applied by most members of a group.

Question 31

Internal Social Control

Answer 31

A process of internalizing the norms of society and accepting as valid.

Question 32

Social Control

Answer 32

Ways to promote conformity to societal norms.

Question 33

Primary Deviance

Answer 33

Deviance involving occasional breaking of norms that is not a part of a person’s lifestyle or self-concept.

Question 34

Secondary Deviance

Answer 34

Deviance in which an individual’s life and identity are organized around breaking society’s norms.

Question 35

Crime

Answer 35

The violation of statutes enacted by governments into criminal law.

Question 36

White Collar Crime

Answer 36

Offences involving embezzlement, price fixing and stock market manipulation by affluent people (professionals and businesspeople).

Question 37

Criminal Justice System

Answer 37

A system of compromising institutions and processes responsible for enforcing criminal statutes.

Question 38

Correctional System

Answer 38

A system designed to punish, to deprive a person of things of value (including freedom) because of an offence the person is deemed to have committed.

Question 39

Justice

Answer 39

Fair dealing and a sense of equality, and the condition of being equal, especially in status, rights and opportunities.

Question 40

Social Justice

Answer 40

A society or institution that is based on the principles of fairness and equality and that understands and values human rights.

Question 41

Collective Behaviour

Answer 41

Spontaneous behaviour of people who are responding to similar stimuli.

Question 42

Social Movement

Answer 42

The most highly structured , rational, and enduring form of collective behaviour.

Question 43

Mediated Culture

Answer 43

A culture in which media reflects and creates the culture.

Question 44

Social Contract

Answer 44

A political philosophy in which individuals implicitly agree to the terms by which they are governed in society. .