chapter 6 -1

Question 1

significant structural and functional materials in every cell

Answer 1

protein

Question 2

protein contains

Answer 2

carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen

Question 3

each amino acid contains

Answer 3

one acid group (COOH)
one central carbon atom holding the structure together
one amine group (NH2)
one side chain

Question 4

individual proteins may contain anywhere from

Answer 4

less than 50 to more than 1000 amino acids

Question 5

nine essential amino acids cannot

Answer 5

be made by the body at all or cannot be made quickly enough to meet the body’s needs

Question 6

to have only 11 nonessential amino acids the person must have

Answer 6

completed their growth and development, is moderately active and healthy

Question 6

eleven nonessential amino acids

Answer 6

can normally be synthesized in the body from other amino acids or by adding nitrogen to carbon-containing structures

Question 7

conditionally essential amino acids

Answer 7

under conditions such as genetic “oops”(recessive genes causing metabolic disorders)
growth and development
acute illness
chronic disease
recovering from injury

Question 8

some nonessential amino acids cannot

Answer 8

be made in body quickly enough to meet the body’s needs so it has to be consumed in the diet

Question 9

essential amino acids

Answer 9

histidine
isoleucine
leucine
lysine
methionine
phenylalanine
threonine
tryptophan
valine

Question 10

nonessential amino acids

Answer 10

alanine
arginine
asparagine
aspartic acid
cysteine
glutamic acid
glutamine
glycine
proline
serine
tyrosine

Question 11

temporary condition

Answer 11

premature infants
need the 9 essential amino acids plus cysteine and proline

Question 12

permanent condition

Answer 12

people with renal kidney failure
need the 9 essential amino acids plus cysteine and tyrosine

Question 13

cells recycle amino acids by

Answer 13

taking proteins apart which releases amino acids

Question 14

releasing amino acids can be used by the cell:

Answer 14

to build new working proteins like enzymes or structure proteins
to build nitrogen- containing compounds
to be used for energy

Question 15

peptide bonds link

Answer 15

amino acids

Question 16

peptide bonds form between

Answer 16

amino acids to create proteins

Question 17

the peptide bond forms between the

Answer 17

amine group of one amino acid and the acid group of another amino acid

Question 18

a polypeptide is

Answer 18

10 or more amino acids linked together with peptide bonds

Question 19

strands of amino acids do not remain

Answer 19

straight but coil and fold because of the side chain electrical charges

Question 20

activation often occurs with the addition of a

Answer 20

mineral, vitamin, or carb molecule

Question 21

protein strands may work

Answer 21

alone or in association with other proteins

Question 22

an adequate intake of nutrients supplying all of the essential amino acids make it possible for

Answer 22

a gene to produce a protein (gene expression) when the cell needs it

Question 23

sickle cell disease

Answer 23

production of red blood cells which cannot carry and release oxygen normally

Question 24

phenylketonuria (PKU)

Answer 24

unable to produce the enzymes needed to change phenylalanine to tyrosine