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Unit 4 Heredity and Continuity of Life > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Cytosol

A

the semi fluid portion of the cytoplasm

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2
Q

Define eukaryotes

A

organisms with eukaryotic cells - cells that have a membrane-enclosed nucleus and organelles

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3
Q

Define mitochondria

A

organelles in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration

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4
Q

Define nucleus

A

the chromosome containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell

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5
Q

Define prokaryotes

A

organisms with prokaryotic cells - cells lacking membrane enclosed organelles

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6
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have?

A

46 chromosomes (22 pairs of chromosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes)

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7
Q

Diploid cells

A

cells with the full set of chromosomes (23 chromosomes from each parent)

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8
Q

Somatic (non-sex)

A

somatic cells are diploid

created by mitosis (eg. skin, muscle, nerve, blood cells)

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9
Q

Haploid cells

A

cells with 1/2 the total number of chromosomes

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10
Q

Gametes (sex cells)

A

are the only haploid cells (eg. sperm, egg, pollen)

created by meiosis

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11
Q

DNA

A

double-stranded molecule consisting of nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T)

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12
Q

Histones

A

small proteins with a high proportion of positively charged amino acids that binds to the negatively charged DNA

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13
Q

How are living creatures made?

A

amino acids - proteins - living cells - tissue - organs - living creatures

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14
Q

How are proteins made?

A

DNA (in the nucleus) - RNA (travels to the ribosome) - amino acids are formed - proteins are created

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15
Q

Nucleotide

A

the building block of a nucleic acid

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16
Q

Helicase

A

an enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA, separating the two strands

17
Q

DNA polymerase

A

an enzyme that catalyses the elongation of new DNA by the addition of nucleotides to the 3’ end of an existing chain

18
Q

DNA replication (occurs in the nucleus during interphase)

A

the production of identical DNA helices from a single double-stranded DNA molecule

Unit 4 Heredity and Continuity of Life (2 decks)

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