Chapter 6

Question 0

Introspection

Answer 0

The process of “looking within” to observe one’s own thoughts beliefs and feelings

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

Moment by moment awareness of ourselves our thoughts and our environment

Question 2

Cognitive unconscious

Answer 2

The mental support processes outside our awareness that make our perception memory and thinking possible

Question 3

Blindsight

Answer 3

The ability of a person with a lesion in the visual cortex to reach toward or correctly “guess” about objects in the visual field even though the person reports seeing nothing

Question 4

Mind-Body-Problem

Answer 4

The difficulty in understanding how the mind and the body influence each other- so that physical events can cause mental events and so that mental events can cause physical ones

Question 5

Neural Correlates of Consciousness

Answer 5

Specific brain states that seem to correspond to the content of someone’s conscious experience

Question 6

Global Workspace Hypothesis

Answer 6

A hypothesis about the neural basis of consciousness. it proposes that specialize neurons called workspace neurons give rise to consciousness by allowing us to link stimuli or ideas and dynamic coherent representations

Question 7

Alpha Rhythm

Answer 7

A pattern of regular pulses, between 8 and 12 per second, visible in the EEG of a person who is relaxed but awake and typically has her eyes closed

Question 8

Beta Rhythm

Answer 8

The rhythmic pattern in the brains electrical activity often observed when a person is actively thinking about some specific topic

Question 9

Delta Rhythm

Answer 9

The rhythmic pattern in the brains electrical activity often observed when a person is in slow wave sleep

Question 10

Slow-Wave Sleep

Answer 10

A term used for both stage 3 and stage 4 sleep; characterized by slow rolling eye movements, low cortical arousal, and slowed heart rate and respiration

Question 11

REM sleep

Answer 11

Sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, EEG patterns similar to wakefulness, speeded heart rate and respiration, near-paralysis of skeletal muscles, and highly visual dreams

Question 12

Activation-synthesis Hypothesis

Answer 12

The hypothesis that dreams maybe just a byproduct of the sleeping brain activities (activation), which are later assembled into a semicoherent narrative (synthesis)

Question 13

Hypnosis

Answer 13

A highly relaxed, suggestible state of mind in which a person is likely to feel that his actions and thoughts are happening to him rather than being produced voluntarily

Question 14

Depressants

Answer 14

Drugs that diminish activity levels in the nervous system

Question 15

Stimulants

Answer 15

Drugs that have activating or excitatory effects on brain or bodily functions

Question 16

Hallucinogens

Answer 16

Drugs that powerfully change perception and can trigger sensory experiences in the absence of any inputs

Question 17

Withdrawal

Answer 17

A consequence of drug dependence that occurs when the drug is withheld, such that the person feels strong drug cravings and psychological and medical distress

Question 18

Drug tolerance

Answer 18

The diminished response to a drug that results from extended use, so that over time the user requires larger doses to experience the drugs affect