chapter 6-2

Question 1

denaturation is the alteration of

Answer 1

a protein’s shape which changes the structure and function of the protein

Question 2

foods that usually denature proteins

Answer 2

heat
acids
bases
alcohol
radiation

Question 3

stomach makes and release

Answer 3

hydrochloric acid
pepsin(protein digesting enzymes, digestion)

Question 4

hydrochloric acid does what

Answer 4

denatures proteins and activates pepsin

Question 5

the pancreas makes and releases

Answer 5

bicarbonate ions
proteases(protein digesting enzymes, digestion)

Question 6

bicarbonate ions do what

Answer 6

neutralize acidic chyme
raises the pH
denature pepsin which stops it from working in small intestine

Question 7

small intestine cells make

Answer 7

proteases (protein digesting enzymes, digestion)

Question 8

small intestine cells make and release

Answer 8

dipeptidases and tripeptidases (protein digesting enzymes, digestion)

Question 9

the pH level actives

Answer 9

pepsin and makes it possible for it to work

Question 10

in the small intestine, pepsin is denatured by

Answer 10

bicarbonate ions from the pancreas

Question 11

the goal of successful protein digestion and absorption is

Answer 11

single amino acids drawn across the cell membrane

Question 12

as amino acids are actively absorbed across the cell membranes…

Answer 12

they are picked up by amino acid carriers and transported to blood vessels

Question 13

after amino acids reach the blood vessels,

Answer 13

the blood vessels will take the amino acids to the liver before they are routed to the heart

Question 14

if amino acid misses its section where it should be absorbed in the small intestine…

Answer 14

it will travel on to the colon

Question 15

competition for absorption sites results in

Answer 15

absorbing excessive amounts of some amino acids while blocking essential from absorption

Question 16

the active transport sites with more favored amino acids which prevent

Answer 16

the other amino acids from being absorbed

Question 17

the absorption of excessive amts of more favored amino acids results in

Answer 17

the liver converting excess amino acids into glucose, glycogen, and/or fat for energy use
(this is considered wasting amino acids)

Question 18

protein fragments are short chains of

Answer 18

amino acids from partially digest proteins

Question 19

proteins fragments could slip past the

Answer 19

digestive tract barrier and can serve as a form of communication to tell the body

Question 20

food allergy issues can occur because of

Answer 20

immature status of the small intestine during the first 6 months after birth

Question 21

gi tract cells slough off into the tract at the end of every

Answer 21

3-5 days

Question 22

a spiraling cycle of fewer and fewer GI tract cells would result in

Answer 22

less and less nutrients entering the body which results in less building materials and energy sources

Question 23

fewer and fewer GI tract cells available result in

Answer 23

loss of protein and carb digestive enzymes produces
loss of absorption sites
less energy and nutrients absorbed
more nutrients exit the body in fecal material

Question 24

protein turnover

Answer 24

continuous breakdown and synthesis of body proteins

Question 25

regulation of gene expression

Answer 25

when a cell makes protein, the gene for that protein has been “expressed”

Question 26

providing structure and movement of a protein

Answer 26

muscle tissue
other structural proteins

Question 27

enzymes can rapidly put

Answer 27

substances togehter or rapidly take them apart

Question 28

hormones serve as

Answer 28

chemical messages which demand a response

Question 29

neurotransmitters

Answer 29

epinephrine
norepinephrine
serotonin

Question 30

tryptophan (an amino acid)

Answer 30

can be converted into niacin (B vitamin)