Chapter 6 Flashcards
Robert is very anxious about being in crowded places, such as shopping malls and restaurants. He worries that he might not be able to leave quickly enough if he were to become overwhelmed with anxiety. He has vague fears that something terrible might happen, and he won’t be able to escape. Over the years, Robert’s fears have worsened to the point that he now hardly ever leaves his apartment. Robert probably has \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Specific phobia Generalized anxiety disorder Cyclothymic disorder Agoraphobia
Agoraphobia
John misses a lot of class. When he does attend class, he rarely, if ever, participates in class discussions. John’s professor recently met with him to discuss his frequent absences and low level of participation. John disclosed that he is very nervous about coming to class. He is afraid of doing or saying something that might make him “look bad” in front of the other students. John probably has \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Specific phobia Generalized anxiety disorder Social anxiety disorder Agoraphobia
Social anxiety disorder
Leslie has episodes of intense fear accompanied by shortness of breath, chest pain, nausea, and dizziness. These episodes seem to come “out of the blue.” She worries that she might be having a heart attack or going crazy. Her doctor has assured her that her heart is functioning normally. Leslie probably has \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Specific phobia Generalized anxiety disorder Social anxiety disorder Panic disorder
Panic disorder
Carrie’s friends describe her as chronic worrier. She worries about many things, including her grades, her financial situation, and the health of her parents. Carrie also experiences frequent fatigue and muscle tension. Carrie probably experiences \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Specific phobia Generalized anxiety disorder Social anxiety disorder Agoraphobia
Generalized anxiety disorder
Kevin’s fiancé, Jennifer, wants to go to Hawaii for their honeymoon. Kevin doesn’t want to disappoint her, but he is terrified of the idea of getting on a plane. Kevin has suggested that they go to Florida, instead, because they can drive to Florida. Kevin probably experiences \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Specific phobia Generalized anxiety disorder Social anxiety disorder Agoraphobia
Specific phobia
Which of the following is the most common anxiety disorder? Generalized anxiety disorder Panic disorder Agoraphobia Specific phobia
Specific phobia
What is the prevalence of specific phobia?
- 5 %
- 2%
- 4%
- 9%
12.2%
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Approximately 36% of individuals who are diagnosed with one anxiety disorder meet criteria for another anxiety disorder
Anxiety disorders are more common among men than women
Individuals in developing countries are more likely to emphasize somatic symptoms of anxiety than psychological symptoms of anxiety
None of the above
None of the above
Tess is terribly afraid of spiders. When she encountered a spider in the kitchen, she asked her roommate, Kate, to catch the spider and take it outside. Kate agrees to do so. Which of the following is an example of avoidance behavior?
Tess’s fear of spiders
Tess asking Kate to take the spider outside
Kate’s taking the spider outside
Tess’s reduction in anxiety after Kate takes the spider outside
Tess asking Kate to take the spider outside
Tess is terribly afraid of spiders. When she encountered a spider in the kitchen, she asked her roommate, Kate, to catch the spider and take it outside. Kate agrees to do so. In the previous example, which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?
Tess’s fear of spiders
Tess asking Kate to take the spider outside
Kate’s taking the spider outside
Tess’s reduction in anxiety after Kate takes the spider outside
Tess’s reduction in anxiety after Kate takes the spider outside
Which of the following statements about neurobiological factors in anxiety disorders is TRUE?
Individuals with anxiety disorders show decreased activity in the amygdala
The heritability of social anxiety disorder is higher than the heritability of panic disorder
Individuals with anxiety disorders show poor functioning of the GABA and serotonin systems
All of the above
Individuals with anxiety disorders show poor functioning of the GABA and serotonin systems
The dot probe task has been used to investigate cognitive risk factors in anxiety disorders. Results of the dot probe task provide support for __________.
Negative beliefs about the future
Beliefs that one has a lack of control over the environment
Selective attention to signs of threat
Intrusive memories of traumatic events
Selective attention to signs of threat
Avoidance and safety behaviors result in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Positive punishment Negative punishment
Negative reinforcement
Which of the following provides evidence for prepared learning?
The fact that individuals with anxiety disorders selectively attend to threat
The fact that some anxiety disorders are more heritable than others
The fact that specific phobias of stimuli such as snakes and water are more common than phobias of flowers.
The fact that people can acquire phobias through modeling of fear experiences.
The fact that specific phobias of stimuli such as snakes and water are more common than phobias of flowers.
Individuals with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ pay more attention to internal cues, such as blushing, than external cues, such as conversation. Panic disorder Social anxiety disorder Generalized anxiety disorder Specific phobia
Social anxiety disorder
Electrical stimulation of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ has been shown to cause panic attacks in humans. Medial prefrontal cortex Hypothalamus Locus coeruleus Hippocampus
Locus coeruleus
Susan is sitting at her desk when she notices that her heart has begun to beat rapidly. Which of the following thoughts would increase Susan’s risk for experiencing a panic attack?
I need to drink less caffeine
I might be having a heart attack
I must be under more stress than I thought
I wonder if heart palpitations are a side-effect of my allergy medicine?
I might be having a heart attack
Researchers have proposed a cognitive model of generalized anxiety disorder. According to this model, what is the function of worry?
It elicits sympathy from other people
It produces strong physiological arousal
It allows the person to avoid more disturbing emotions
It helps the person to remember important activities
It allows the person to avoid more disturbing emotions
Facing the feared situation or object is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Cognitive therapy Fear-elimination therapy Exposure therapy Eclectic therapy
Exposure therapy
Which is the more effective approach to the treatment of anxiety disorders?
Imaginal exposure
In vivo exposure
In vivo exposure
Exposure treatment is effective for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ clients. 5% 10-30% 40-60% 70-90%
70-90%
Which of the following statements about the treatment of anxiety disorders is TRUE?
For most anxiety disorders, adding a cognitive component to exposure therapy improves the effectiveness of treatment.
For most anxiety disorders, adding a relaxation component to exposure therapy improves the effectiveness of treatment.
Both A and B
None of the above
None of the above
Derrick attends weekly psychotherapy sessions for his anxiety disorder. His therapist asks him to do such things as jog in place, breathe through a straw, and spin around in a chair until he is dizzy. Derrick is participating in psychotherapy for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Specific phobia Social anxiety disorder Generalized anxiety disorder Panic disorder
Panic disorder
Jessica’s therapy has asked her to schedule a specific block of time (30 minutes each day) to worry intensively about her life stressors. Jessica is participating in therapy for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Specific phobia Social anxiety disorder Generalized anxiety disorder Panic disorder
Generalized anxiety disorder
Which type of medicine for anxiety disorders is most likely to cause physical and psychological dependence? Tricyclic antidepressants D-cycloserine Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors benzodiazepines
benzodiazepines
As a group, anxiety disorders
are unlikely to be comorbid.
are one of the least costly psychiatric disorders to society.
cause little interpersonal problems.
are the most common type of psychiatric diagnosis.
are the most common type of psychiatric diagnosis.
Animal phobias typically begin in infancy. childhood. adolescence. adulthood.
childhood.
According to the text, which of the following is NOT a theory as to why women are more likely to develop anxiety disorders than men?
Women may show more biological reactivity to stress than men.
Women tend to be more nervous than men in general.
Men may be raised to believe more in personal control over situations.
Men may experience more social pressure than women to face fears.
Women tend to be more nervous than men in general.
Imagine that a man is bitten by a dog and then develops a phobia of dogs. The dog bite would be considered the UCS UCR CS CR
UCS
Lola is low in neuroticism. Compared with people who have high levels of neuroticism, Lola
is more likely to experience anxiety and depression.
is less likely to develop an anxiety disorder.
is probably characterized by a tendency to react to events with negative effect.
is more likely to have OCD.
is less likely to develop an anxiety disorder.
What is a reason why people typically do not fear coconuts, flowers or strawberries?
They are not poisonous.
During evolution, exposure to such stimuli was not life threatening.
They are not as common as stimuli such as blood or spiders.
People developed prepared learning in response to such stimuli.
During evolution, exposure to such stimuli was not life threatening.
Panic attacks can be triggered by which of the following? caffeine. exercise. adrenaline. all of the above.
all of the above.
Based on research of effective treatments for social anxiety disorder, a therapist should consider exposure and cognitive therapy. exposure only. systematic desensitization. cognitive therapy only.
exposure and cognitive therapy.
The worries of people with GAD
are generally limited to physiological concerns.
are similar to worries of most people, just more excessive.
typically are driven by another psychological disorder.
all of the above.
are similar to worries of most people, just more excessive.
People with low __________ appear to be at greater risk for developing anxiety disorders.
anxiety thresholds
defense disorders
perceived defense mechanisms
perceived control
perceived control
Based on research of effective treatments for social anxiety disorder, a therapist should consider
systematic desensitization.
cognitive therapy only.
exposure only.
exposure and cognitive therapy
exposure and cognitive therapy
In-vivo exposure to feared objects simulates
real life.
memories of trauma.
social anxiety disorder.
anxiety developed in the womb
real life.
The central feature of Generalized Anxiety Disorder in children is ________.
social anxiety
panic attacks
avoidance
uncontrollable worry
uncontrollable worry
Which of the following anxiety disorders involves uncontrollable worry?
generalized anxiety disorder
specific phobia
panic disorder
agoraphobia
generalized anxiety disorder
Mowrer’s two-factor model of anxiety disorders involves classical conditioning and
imitation.
operant conditioning.
observation.
none of the above.
operant conditioning.
Ivan reported a traumatic history with dogs, resulting in his fear of dogs. However, Sven also reported a traumatic history with dogs, but does not have a fear of dogs. This provides support for
a diathesis for phobia.
the two-factor theory.
a psychoanalytic theory of phobia.
a preparedness view of phobia.
a diathesis for phobia.
