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Medical Terminology > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Digestive system structures

A 
Oral cavity
Teeth
Salivary glands
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach 
Small intestine
Large intestine
Accessory organs: liver, gallbladder, pancreas
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2
Q

Function of digestive system

A

Breaks down food physically and chemically. prepares food for absorption by cells of the body. Eliminates waste substances

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3
Q

What is the oral cavity, and what is its function?

A

First part of the digestive tract (mouth and teeth), where the mechanical process of chewing and chemical breakdown of food by salivary secretions initiates the digestive process

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4
Q

Name the three parts of the small intestine, and describe the location of each.

A

Duodenum, first segment; jejunum, second segment; ileum, third segment.

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5
Q

Name the first four sections of the colon.

A

Ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid

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6
Q

Describe the shape, location, and function of the pancreas.

A

Elongated, flattened organ posterior and slightly inferior to the stomach that produces digestive enzymes and insulin

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7
Q

Describe the location and main function of the gallbladder.

A

Organ on the inferior surface of the liver that stores bile

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8
Q

CF salivary glands

A

sial/o

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9
Q

CF pharynx

A

pharyng/o

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10
Q

CF pancreas

A

pancreat/o

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11
Q

CF spleen

A

splen/o

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12
Q

CF tongue

A

gloss/o lingu/o

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13
Q

CF liver

A

hepat/o

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14
Q

CF gallbladder

A

cholecyst/o

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15
Q

CF mouth

A

or/o stomat/o

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16
Q

CF bile, gall

A

chol/e

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17
Q

CF bile duct

A

choledoch/o

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18
Q

Anorexia break down

A 
An= without
Orexia= appetite
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19
Q

Prandial: relating to eating food
An exaggerated rise in blood sugar following a meal. It increases its output as blood glucose rises following meals. In people with Type 2 diabetes, the pancreas can be sluggish about secreting insulin in response to a meal. This leads to

A

Postprandial hyperglycemia

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20
Q

Inflammation of the appendix

Usually results from obstruction or infection caused by a fecalith, foreign body, or bacteria

A

Appendicitis

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21
Q

Appendicitis

Signs and symptoms

A

Pain, usually becoming localized to right lower quadrant at McBurney point
Sudden, spontaneous relief of pain indicates a ruptured appendix
Fever, malaise, diarrhea or constipation, and tachycardia (later signs and symptoms)

22
Q

Appendicitis Treatment

A

Appendectomy
Surgery within 48 hours of first symptoms to avoid delay, which could result in rupture and peritonitis as fecal matter is released into the peritoneal cavity

23
Q

Acute inflammation of diverticulae

Diverticulosis—presence of diverticulae without inflammation

A

Diverticulitis

24
Q

Diverticulitis Signs and Symptoms

A 
Varied in intensity and duration from case to case
Bowel changes, possibly alternating between constipation and diarrhea
Tenderness and pain in LLQ of abdomen
Possible bleeding as condition worsens, along with weakness, fever, fatigue, and anemia
Possible rupture (if an abscess develops), leading to peritonitis
25
Q

Diverticulitis Treatment

A

Focuses on clearing up inflammation and infection, resting the colon, and preventing or minimizing complications
Hospital stay required for severe cases with acute pain and complications
IV antibiotics and a few days without food or drink (for most severe cases) to help the colon rest
Colon resection required for some cases, with a temporary colostomy while the colon heals

26
Q

Formation or presence of gallstones within the gallbladder or bile ducts

A

Cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis

27
Q

CF gums

A

gingiv/o

28
Q

Cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis Signs and Symptoms

A

Patients with gallstones possibly asymptomatic
Classic “attack,” called biliary colic, from bile duct obstruction
Acute onset of URQ abdominal pain that radiates to the shoulder and back
Possible nausea and vomiting
Typically following ingestion of large or fatty meals

29
Q

Cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis Nonsurgical treatment

A

If asymptomatic, unless symptoms reappear or there is a history of previous gallstones with complications
Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy
Dissolution of cholesterol-based stones through bile acid therapy
Inhibits synthesis and secretion of cholesterol within the liver, altering the composition of the bile
Existing stones may be decreased in size or dissolved entirely

30
Q

Cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis

Surgical treatment

A 
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (for cholelithiasis), a minimally invasive procedure
Most common procedure performed
Laparoscope inserted through several small incisions in the abdomen, with patient usually discharged in 24 hours or less
Choledocholithotomy (for choledocholithiasis)
Incision into the common bile duct to remove the stone(s)
31
Q

connection between two vessels; surgical joining of two ducts, blood vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to the other

A

anastomosis

32
Q

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

A

ascites

33
Q

audible abdominal sound caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine

A

borborygmus

34
Q

state of ill-health, malnutrition, and wasting that may occur in many chronic diseases, malignancies, and infections

A

cachexia

35
Q

diarrhea containing blood and mucus, resulting from inflammation of the walls of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the colon

A

dysentery

36
Q

twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction

A

volvulus

37
Q

Surgical alteration of the stomach as a treatment for morbid obesity
Arises from severe accumulation of excess weight as fatty tissue, resulting in health problems

A

Bariatric surgery

38
Q

Excision of a diseased part of the colon and creation of a new opening in the abdominal wall, where fecal flow is diverted to a colostomy bag
Permanent or temporary
Performed as treatment for cancer or diverticulitis

A

Colostomy

39
Q

Excision of small, tumorlike, benign growths (polyps) that project from a mucous membrane surface

A

Polypectomy

40
Q

Visual examination of the interior of organs and cavities with a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope
Endoscopes are named for the organ, cavity, or canal being examined

A

Endoscopy

41
Q

Examination of the entire length of the colon

Examination of only the lower third of the colon known as sigmoidoscopy

A

Colonoscopy

42
Q

X-ray of rectum and colon following administration of barium sulfate into the rectum

A

Barium enema

43
Q

X-ray of esophagus, stomach, and small intestine following oral administration of barium sulfate

A

Barium swallow

44
Q

High-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) directed at soft tissue to produce an image on a monitor of internal body structures

A

Ultrasonography (US)

45
Q

Laboratory test that detects presence of occult (hidden) blood in feces

A

Stool guaiac

46
Q

Laboratory test that identifies microorganisms or parasites present in feces that are causing a gastrointestinal infection

A

Stool culture

47
Q

Counteract or neutralize acidity, usually in the stomach

A

Antacids

48
Q

Control loose stools and relieve diarrhea

A

Antidiarrheals

49
Q

Control nausea and vomiting

A

Antiemetics

50
Q

Treat constipation

A

Laxatives

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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