Chapter 6 : Aldehydes and Ketones I

Question 1

what are aldehydes

Answer 1

terminal functional groups ; contains carbonyl bonded to at least one hydrogen ; suffix -al; prefix oxo-

Question 2

what are ketones

Answer 2

internal functional group containing carbonyl bonded to two alkyl chains; suffix -one ; prefix oxo-/keto-

Question 3

what is the reactivity of the carbonyl

Answer 3

electrophilic due to partial positive from C = O bond

Question 4

what is the relative boiling point of carbonyls

Answer 4

higher (but lower than alcohol) due to dipole interactions

Question 5

what is a hydration reaction

Answer 5

water adds to the carbonyl forming a geminal diol

Question 6

what is a hemi-acetal/ketal reaction

Answer 6

one equivalent of alcohol reacts with aldehyde/ketone via nucleophilic substitution

Question 7

what is an imine reaction

Answer 7

nitrogen/nitrogen derivative react with carbonyls to form imines

Question 8

what is a cyanohydrin reaction

Answer 8

hydrogen cyanide reacts with a carbonyl to form cyanohydrins

Question 9

aldehyde –> carboxylic acid

Answer 9

KMnO4 ; CrO3 ; Ag2O ; H2O2

Question 10

aldehyde –> primary alcohol

Answer 10

LiAlH4 ; NaBH4

Question 11

ketone –> carboxylic acid

Answer 11

ketones cannot be oxidized further

Question 12

ketone –> secondary alcohol

Answer 12

LiAlH4 ; NaBH4