Chapter 7 Flashcards
Concentration
A quantitative measure of the amount of solute per volume of solution.
Dissolving
The process of mixing a solute in a solvent to produce a homogeneous mixture.
Hard water
Water containing large amounts of calcium and magnesium ions.
Hydrogen bond
An unusually strong dipole–dipole attraction occurring between molecules that have a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a small highly electronegative atom - usually nitrogen - oxygen - chlorine - or fluorine.
Induced dipole
A temporarily uneven distribution of electrons in an otherwise nonpolar atom or molecule.
Insoluble
Said of a solute that does not dissolve to any appre- ciable extent in a given solvent.
Molarity
A common unit of concentration equal to the number of moles of a solute per liter of solution.
Mole
A very large number equal to 6.02 * 1023 and usually used in reference to the number of atoms - ions - or molecules within a macroscopic amount of a material.
Osmosis
The net flow (diffusion) of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration.
Precipitate
A solute that has come out of solution.
Reverse osmosis
A technique for purifying water by forcing it through a semipermeable membrane into a region of lower solute concentration.
Saturated solution
A solution containing the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in its solvent.
Semipermeable membrane
A membrane containing submicroscopic pores that allow passage of water molecules but not of larger solute ions or solute molecules.
Solubility
The ability of a solute to dissolve in a given solvent. Soluble Said of a solute that is capable of dissolving to an appreciable extent in a given solvent.
Solute
Any component in a solution that is not the solvent.
