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Biology > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Nucleus

A

Provides extra support

Coordinates all the activities of the cell

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2
Q

Nucleolus

A

Made up of RNA and proteins
Synthesises and processors RNA
Manufacturers proteins

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3
Q

Cell wall

A

Only in plant Cell

Provides support and protection

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4
Q

Cell membrane

A

Outer most barrier of the cell

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5
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Transport system within the cytoplasm in a eukaryotic cell

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6
Q

Smooth ER

A

Main function is to synthesise lipids

Does not have ribosomes attached

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7
Q

Rough ER

A

Protein folding and production

Covered in ribosomes

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8
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Process and bundle macromolecules

Eg) proteins and lipids

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9
Q

Mitochondria

A

Has a double membrane

It the site of cellular respiration

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10
Q

Vacuole

A

Mainly found in plant cells

Store water and nutrients

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11
Q

Lysosomes

A

Contain digestives systems that break down old or damaged cells

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12
Q

Vesicles

A

Small sac that transport, stores or digests substances

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13
Q

Chloroplast

A

In plant cells
Contain chlorophyll
Site of photosynthesis

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14
Q

Cytoplasm

A

The chemical reactions that enable the cell to live are carried out in the cytoplasm
The cytosol is the fluid part of the cytoplasm

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15
Q

Ribosomes

A

Synthesis proteins from their building blocks

Needed for cell growth, repair and general functions

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16
Q

Prokaryote

A 
Simple celled
No nucleus 
No membrane bound organelles Eg) mitochondria  
Circular chromosomes 
Found in Bactria and archaea
17
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Advanced celled
Linear chromosomes
Have membrane bound organelles
Have an nucleus

18
Q

Theory of endosymbiosis

A

1 prokaryote engulfed another prokaryote and coexisted
Evidence:
1. Double membrane
2. Mitochondria and chloroplast can only arise from pre-existing mitochondria and chloroplast
3. Contains plasmids which have genes necessary for photosynthesis and respiration
4. Also contain ribosomes and RNA so they can make their own proteins
5. Approx. the same size as a small bacterium

19
Q

Protein synthesis

A

DNA - RNA - Ribosomes - Vesicles - Golgi body
Aim is to produce protein
Sight of protein synthesis is in the ribosomes
Sights of protein folding is Golgi body

20
Q

Surface area to volume ratio

A

As a cell increases in size, the surface area to volume ratio decreases
As a cell decreases in size, the surface area to volume ratio increases

Want more surface area

Biology (5 decks)

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