Chapter 7&8

Question 1

Apartheid

Answer 1

The legal separation of races into different geographic areas

Question 2

Plessy vs. Ferguson

Answer 2

The supreme court ruled that “separate but equal” was constitutional

Question 3

Brown vs. board of education

Answer 3

The Supreme Court ruled that segregated schools were unconstitutional

Question 4

Centripetal force

Answer 4

An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state (directed towards the center)

Question 5

Centrifugal force

Answer 5

A force that tears apart political and ethnic groups (to spread out from the center)

Question 6

Balkanization

Answer 6

The process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities

Question 7

Ethnic cleansing

Answer 7

A purposeful policy designed by one ethnic group to remove another from a certain area through acts of terrorism and violence

Question 8

Why is ethnicity especially important to geographers?

Answer 8

Because in the face of globalization trends in economy and culture, ethnicity stands as the strongest bulwark for the preservation of local diversity

Question 9

What are the three largest US ethnicities?

Answer 9

Hispanic American 17%, African American 12%, and Asian American 5%

Question 10

Where are these ethnicities found?

Answer 10

Hispanic Americans in the southwest, African Americans in the southeast, Asian Americans very scarcely scattered but mainly in California, and native Americans mainly in Alaska and New Mexico as well as scattered in the West half of the U.S.

Question 11

What are the main two locations of origin for Brazil’s non indigenous population?

Answer 11

Portugal and West Africa

Question 12

What is the conflict between how Brazil classifies it’s population and how they classify themselves?

Answer 12

Many Brazilians identify as ethnicities not even acknowledged by their government.

Question 13

Explain the different circumstances in which most people from Africa, Latin America, and Asia migrated to the US.

Answer 13

African Americans travel through slavery (forced migration) to the colonies, and migrants traveled from Latin America and Asia through voluntary migration due to change in immigration laws

Question 14

What caused many African Americans to leave the South?

Answer 14

Declining job opportunities in the South and booming industrial cities in the North

Question 15

How did Jim Crow laws limit where AAs and other groups could live throughout the US?

Answer 15

House deeds contained restrictive covenants that prevented white owners from selling to blacks.

Question 16

How did the government of South Africa ensure the segregation of their four races - black, white, colored, and Asian

Answer 16

Restrictions kept black and white neighborhoods separated, and schools were naturally designed to serve specific neighborhoods, aiding segregation.

Question 17

How do most countries try to achieve citizen support?

Answer 17

By emphasizing shared attitudes that unify the people.

Question 18

How was ethnicity the basis for the British separating West and East Pakistan from India?

Answer 18

Pakistan (Muslims) was separated from India (Hindus) due to a great antagonism between the two religions.

Question 19

Describe the migrations caused by the partition of India.

Answer 19

The partition of South Asia into two states resulted in mass migration patterns from India to West and East Pakistan and Hindus migrating the opposite direction.

Question 20

Explain the conflict over Kashmir.

Answer 20

Pakistan and India never agreed on a boundary for Kashmir so they have been fighting about it for years, India wanting to claim it, Pakistan wanting kashmiris to choose their own side.

Question 21

What are some centripetal forces in South Asian countries?

Answer 21

It’s many large religions.

Question 22

What are some centrifugal forces in South Asian countries?

Answer 22

It’s large variety of languages.

Question 23

Who are the Kurds?

Answer 23

Sunni Muslims who speak a language in the iranian group of the Indo Iranian branch of Indo European and have distinctive literature, dress, and other cultural traditions.

Question 24

State