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A&P Chaper 7&8 > Chapter 7&8 > Flashcards

Chapter 7&8 Flashcards

1
Q

Protein synthesis:

A

Protein synthesis: a. is required for cell growth. b. begins with reading of the genetic “master code”
in the cell’s DNA. c. influences all cell structures and functions. d. all of the above.

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2
Q

In a DNA molecule a base pair of 3 is called:

A

codon

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3
Q

Transcription can best be described as:

A

Synthesis of a RNA molecule

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4
Q

Which of the following statements is true?

A

The site of transcription is within the nucleus, whereas the site of translation is in the cytoplasm

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5
Q

A DNA molecule is characterized by all of the following except:

A

Ribose Sugar

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6
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of RNA?

A

It’s molecules are larger than those of DNA

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7
Q

Nuclei Acids are synthesized directly on the DNA molecule with the help of:

A

Enzymes

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8
Q

The Correct order of mitosis is:

A

A. Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

PMAT

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9
Q

The Total of 46 chromosomes per cel is referred to as:

A

Diploid

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10
Q

A type of cell division that occurs only in primitive sex cells during the process of becoming mature sex cells is:

A

Meiosis

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11
Q

Splitting of the plasma membrane and cytoplasm int two during cell reproduction is called:

A

Cytokinesis

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12
Q

Cell reproduction is sometimes referred to as the:

A

M Phase

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13
Q

The genetic code for a particular protein is passed from DNA to mRNA by a process known as:

A

Transcription

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14
Q

If a strand of DNA has a base sequence of AGGC, the complementary pair for that strand will be:

A

A. TCCG

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15
Q

The spindle fibers attach to each chromatid during which stage of mitosis?

A

Metaphase

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16
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of RNA?

A

It contains deoxyribose sugar

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17
Q

During which stage of mitosis does the cleavage furrow begin to develop?

A

anaphase

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18
Q

All of the DNA in each cell of the body is called the:

A

Genome

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19
Q

If the sequence of bases in a nucleic acid were AUCGA, which of the following statements would be true?

A

It is a strand of RNA

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20
Q

In which stage of mitosis do chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cells along the spindle fibers?

A

Anaphase

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21
Q

The synthesis of proteins by ribosomes using information coded in the mRNA molecule is called:

A

Translation

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22
Q

Translation can be inhibited or prevented by a process called:

A

RNA interference

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23
Q

A tissue is:

A

A group of similar cells that perform a common function

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24
Q

The four principal types of tissues include all of the following EXCEPT:

A

Cartilage

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25
Q

The most complex tissue in the body is

A

Nervous

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26
Q

In tissues, the material between cells that is made up of water and a variety of proteins is referred to as:

A

Extracellular Matrix

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27
Q

Which of the following is NOT a primary germ layer?

A

Periderm

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28
Q

Which tissue lines body cavities and protects body surfaces?

A

Epithelial

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29
Q

Which of the following is NOT an example of epithelial membrane?

A

Synovial membrane

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30
Q

Pleurisy is a condition that affects which membrane?

A

Serous Membrane

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31
Q

What does DNA have that RNA:

A

Deoxyribose sugar

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32
Q

Is RNA a single strand

A

True

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33
Q

Does RNA contain uracil instead of thiamine

A

True

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34
Q

What is the correct order for phases

A

PMAT Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

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35
Q

What is hypertrophy

A

Muscle build

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36
Q

Does a meiosis cell become haploid

A

True

37
Q

How many steps in meiosis

A

2 steps PMAT twice

38
Q

In meiosis does primitively sex cells become hamate

A

True

39
Q

Define codon:

A

A set of 3 in a molecule

40
Q

Define transcription

A

Can best be described as synthesis of an mRNA

41
Q

Define genome

A

Entire set of genes

42
Q

Define haploid

A

Half of chromosomes 23 in number

43
Q

Define diploid

A

Total of chromosomes 46 in number

44
Q

Define neoplasm

A

Refers to new matter can be defined as a tumor…either benign or malignant

45
Q

What membranous organelle located in the cytoplasm is able to replicate itself

A

Mitochondria

46
Q

What is histology?

A

Biology of tissue

47
Q

What tissue has communication and control?

A

Nervous

48
Q

What makes up extra cellular matrix?

A

Other IMPs connect a membrane to the framework of fibers inside the cell or to the mass of fibers and other molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM).

49
Q

What tissue is most likely to form a keloid scar as it heals

A

Connective

50
Q

What are characteristics of connective tissue?

A

Connective tissue consists predominantly of extracellular matrix. Embedded in the matrix are relatively few cells. The ECM of connective tissues is made up of varying numbers and kinds of fibers, fluid, and perhaps other material sometimes called ground substance. The qualities of the ECM’s fibers and other components largely determine the structural characteristics of each type of connective tissue. The matrix of blood, for example, is a fluid (plasma). It contains numerous blood cells but no fibers, except when it coagulates. Some connective tissues have the consistency of a soft gel, some are firm but flexible, some hard and rigid, some tough, others delicate—and in each case it is their matrix and extracellular fibers that make them so.

51
Q

Reticular tissue?

A

Reticular tissue forms the framework of the spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow. It is often called marrow tissue or lymphoid tissue in these locations. Reticular tissue functions as part of the body’s 166 complex mechanisms for producing blood cells and for defending itself against microorganisms and injurious substances. The reticular meshwork filters injurious substances out of the blood and lymph. Various types of reticular cells then phagocytose (engulf and destroy) the trapped substances. Another function of some reticular cells is to make reticular fibers.

52
Q

What is the difference between connective tissue, cutaneous tissue, and serous tissue?

A

Cutaneous membranes = skin = Integumentary system. We have the epidermis which is the outer epithelium tissue and dermis is the connective tissue.Three closed cavities: Pleural (lungs), peritoneal (abdominal), and pericardial (heart) cavities.
It’s made of simple (single layer) squamous (squashed) epithelium that is on top of a loose areolar connective tissue.
Serous is made up of filtrate leaked from the capillary blood in the connective tissue plus lubricating molecules secreted by the mesothelial cells.

53
Q

Define tissue

A

A group of cells preforming a similar function

54
Q

What are the characteristics of muscle tissue?

A

Muscle tissue produces movement; it moves the body and its parts. Muscle cells are adapted for contractility and produce movement by shortening or lengthening the contractile units found in cytoplasm. Muscle tissue also produces most of the heat of the body.

55
Q

The outer layer, called the parietal peritoneum, is attached to the abdominal wall. The inner layer, the visceral peritoneum, is wrapped around the internal organs that are located inside the intraperitoneal cavity. The potential space between these two layers is the peritoneal cavity.

A

Review

56
Q

Pleura membranes

A

Visceral and parietal they are the serous

57
Q

Protein synthesis begins with translation

A

False it begins with transcription

58
Q

Normal mitosis has two daughter cells identical to the parent

A

True

59
Q

What is the definition of cytokinesis

A

Splitting of the plasma membrane and cytoplasm into two

60
Q

Anaplasia is a state in which cells failed to differentiate into specialized cells

A

True

61
Q

Gamei is a result of the somatic cell under going mitosis

A

False meiosis

62
Q

Normal meiosis results into daughter cells that are generally identical to parents cells

A

False mitosis

63
Q

Chromosomes align across the equator of the spindle fibers during anaphase

A

False metaphase

64
Q

It is during meiosis phase 1 that the number of chromosomes halved

A

True

65
Q

Hyper trophy refers to an increase in cell size where as hyperplasia refers to an increase in cell number

A

True

66
Q

A typical refers to wear as hyperplasia refers to

A

Atypical is awkward shape were as hyper plasia is just an increase in number of normal size

67
Q

Mitochondria are unique organelle because they are able to replicate themselves

A

True

68
Q

DNA synthesis is during prophase in mitosis

A

False S phase

69
Q

Protein synthesis is a central building process for cell growth and maintenance

A

True

70
Q

The term neoplasm is another word for tumor

A

True

71
Q

Is neoplasm benign or malignant

A

Both

72
Q

DNA codon consist of three nucleotides

A

True

73
Q

A human gene is a segment of DNA molecules

A

True

74
Q

Transfer RNA carries amino acids to ribosomes where they are added to protein to begin building

A

True

75
Q

The complete set of proteins that can be made by the cell is called it’s Prodium

A

True

76
Q

The centromere holds two chromatids together

A

True

77
Q

During prophase chromosomes become chromatin nuclear membrane disappears and spindle fibers form

A

False in Metaphase

78
Q

Matrix may be defined as the living extra cellular material

A

False nonliving

79
Q

Mucous membrane’s are important because the lubricant and passageways

A

True

80
Q

Primary germ layers that are formed in embryo or epithelial connective muscular and nervous

A

False ectoderm Mesoderm and endoderm

81
Q

Cells in embryo begin to process of cell differentiation

A

True

82
Q

Embryonic stem cells or adult stem cells difference

A

Embryonic can be altered

83
Q

Epithelial tissue can be classified by shape of cells

A

True

84
Q

When epithelial tissue is damaged fix scars appear or keloid may form

A

False connective tissue

85
Q

Serous membrane covering the lungs is visceral pleura

A

True

86
Q

An example of cutaneous membrane is the skin

A

True

87
Q

Fibers in the extra cellular matrix can include collagen and elastin

A

True

88
Q

Both fibernedin and lamanin are examples of lico protein

A

True

89
Q

Epithelial and muscle tissue have the greatest ability to regenerate

A

False connective

A&P Chaper 7&8 (1 decks)

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