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BIOLOGY > CHAPTER 7 - Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

CHAPTER 7 - Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

of bones in average adult skeleton

A

206

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2
Q

Total # of Skull bones

A

22

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3
Q

Skull bones are divided into two groups:

A
  1. Cranial (braincase)

2. Facial (structure of face)

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4
Q

Name the 8 Cranial bones

A 
1 - Frontal
2 - Parietals
2 - Temporals
1 - Occipital
1 - Sphenoid
1 - Ethmoid
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5
Q

Name the 14 Facial bones

A 
2 - Zygomatic
2 - Lacrimal
2 - Palatine
2 - Nasal
2 - Inf Nasal Conchae
2 - Maxillae
1 - Mandible
1 - Vomer
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6
Q

The PARIETAL bones are joined to the OCCIPITAL bone by the ___ ___.

A

Lambdoid Suture

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7
Q

The PARIETAL bones are joined to the TEMPORAL bones by the __ __.

A

Squamous Suture

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8
Q

The PARIETAL bones are joined at midline by the

A

Sagittal Suture

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9
Q

The PARIETAL bones are connected to the FRONTAL bone by the __ __.

A

Coronal Suture

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10
Q

The Lambdoid Suture joins which bones

A

Parietals - Occipital

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11
Q

The Squamous Suture joins which bones

A

Parietal - Temporal

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12
Q

The Sagittal Suture joins which bones

A

Parietals

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13
Q

The Coronal Suture connects the Parietal bones to ___

A

the Frontal bone

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14
Q

The __ __ __ can be felt through the scalp, at the base of the head.

It is the site of attachment of the Ligamentum Nuchae.

A

External Occipital Protuberance

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15
Q

A set of small ridges the extend laterally from the protuberance; the point of attachment for several neck muscles.

A

nuchal lines

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16
Q

The large hole of the Temporal bone.

Transmits sound waves toward the eardrum.

A

External Acoustic/Auditory Meatus

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17
Q

A large projection.
Posterior and inferior to the auditory meatus.
(seen and felt as a prominent lump, posterior to the ear)

A

Mastoid Process

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18
Q

Which of the Cranial bones are paired?

A

Parietals

Temporals

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19
Q

How many wings does the Sphenoid have?

A

4 (2 greater, 2 lesser)

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20
Q

What are the legs of the Sphenoid called?

A

Pterygoid Processes (Medial / Lateral)

*(Project Inferiorly from where Body & Greater Wings unite)

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21
Q

What structure forms around the Pituitary gland?

A

Sella Turcica

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22
Q

The lateral surface of the Sphenoid bone is (anterior/posterior) to the Temporal bone.

A

anterior

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23
Q

T/F:

The Spenoid bone is a single bone that extends completely across the skull

A

True

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24
Q

The cheekbone is also known as __

A

Zygomatic bone

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25
Q

The Zygomatic bone is (anterior/posterior) to the Sphenoid bone

A

anterior

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26
Q

The Zygomatic Arch consist of joined processes from the __ and __ bones

A 
Temporal bone (Zygomatic process)
Zygomatic bone (Temporal process)
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27
Q

Upper Jaw

A

Maxilla

Maxillae, pl.

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28
Q

Lower Jaw

A

Mandible

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29
Q

Anterior to the Zygomatic bone is the __

A

Maxilla

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30
Q

The Mandible consists of 2 main parts:

A
  1. Body

2. Ramus

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31
Q

The Body and Ramus of the Mandible join at the __

A

Angle

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32
Q
  • Located at the superior end of the Ramus.

* Articulates with the Temporal bone, allowing movement of the Mandible

A

Mandibular Condyle

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33
Q

The __ __ is the attachment of the temporalis muscle to the mandible.

A

Coronoid Process

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34
Q

The depression between the Mandibular Condyle and the Coronoid Process

A

Mandibular Notch

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35
Q

The Maxillae and Mandible have __ Processes with sockets for the attachment of the teeth.

A

Alveolar Processes

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36
Q

Two prominent cavities of the Skull

A
  1. Orbits

2. Nasal Cavity

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37
Q

The Orbit has several openings (for communication with other cavities). The largest of these are the __ and __

A

Superior Orbital Fissure

Inferior Orbital Fissure

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38
Q

CANALS:

  1. Optic nerve passes through the __ canal and enters the __ cavity.
  2. __ canal contains a duct that carries tears to the __ cavity.
A
  1. Optic nerve passes through the OPTIC CANAL and enters the CRANIAL cavity.
  2. NASOLACRIMAL CANAL contains a duct that carries tears into the NASAL cavity.
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39
Q

The __ __ divides the nasal cavity into right and left halves.

A

Nasal Septum

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40
Q

Superior part of the Nasal Septum

A

Perpendicular Plate of the Ethmoid

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41
Q

Inferior part of the Nasal Septum

A

Vomer

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42
Q

The lateral wall of the nasal cavity has 3 bony shelves called the __ __

A

nasal conchae

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43
Q

Which of the 3 conchae are separate from the other two:

a) Superior Nasal Concha
b) Middle Nasal Concha
c) Inferior Nasal Concha

A

c) Inferior Nasal Concha

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44
Q

The Middle and Superior Nasal Conchae are projections from the __ bone.

A

Ethmoid bone

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45
Q

Air-filled cavities on each side of the Ethmoid

A 
Ethmoidal Sinuses
(interconnect to form the ethmoidal labyrinth)
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46
Q

The brain and spinal cord are connected through the __ __, which is located in the __ __.

A
  • foramen magnum

- located in the Occipital bone

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47
Q

The __ condyles are located next to the foramen magnum.

*Articulates with the Vertebral column, allows movement of the skull

A

Occipital Condyles

48
Q

Blood is carried TO the brain by the internal __ arteries and the __ arteries.

A

Carotid arteries

Vertebral arteries

49
Q

The Carotid arteries pass through the __ __

A

Carotid Canals

50
Q

The Vertebral arteries pass through the __ __

A

Foramen Magnum

51
Q

Blood LEAVES the brain through the internal __ __

A

Jugular veins

52
Q

The Jugular veins exit the __ __,

located lateral to the occipital condyles.

A

Jugular Foramen

53
Q

The Styloid Processes project from the inferior surface of the __ __

A

Temporal bone

54
Q

Attached to each Styloid Process, are muscles involved in movement of the __, __ __, and __.

A

tongue
hyoid bone
pharynx

55
Q

The __ __ forms the floor of the nasal cavity

A

Hard Palate

56
Q

Four bones join to form the Hard Palate:

A

Anterior 2/3:
2 - Palatine processes of two Maxillary bones

Posterior 1/3:
2 - Horizontal plates of two Palatine bones

57
Q

Prominent ridge located in the center of the Ethmoid bone.

The point of attachment for one of the meninges.

A

Crista Galli

58
Q

On each side of the Crista Galli are the __ __

A

Cribriform Plates

59
Q

Sievelike perforations in the Cribriform Plates

A

Olfactory Foramina

60
Q

A thick, bony ridge located at the base of the skull, lateral to the Foramen Magnum.

It is hollow, and contains the middle and inner ears.

A

Petrous Part (of the Temporal bone)

61
Q

The Auditory Ossicles are located in the __ __

A

middle ear

62
Q

__ and __ attaches the Hyoid bone to the skull. It has no direct bony attachment.

A

Muscles and Ligaments

63
Q

Five major functions of the Vertebral Column

A
  1. Support weight of HEAD AND TRUNK
  2. Permit movement of HEAD AND TRUNK
  3. Protect SPINAL CORD
  4. Allows spinal nerves to exit SPINAL CORD
  5. Sites for MUSCLE attachment
64
Q

Number of bones in Vertebral Column

A

26

65
Q

Five regions of Vertebral Column

A
  1. Cervical
  2. Thoracic
  3. Lumbar
  4. Sacral bone
  5. Coccygeal bone
66
Q

Number of Cervical vertebrae

A

7

67
Q

Number of Thoracic vertebrae

A

12

68
Q

Number of Lumbar vertebrae

A

5

69
Q

Number of Sacral vertebrae that fuse to form 1 bone.

A

5

70
Q

Number of Coccygeal bones that usually fuse to form 1 bone

A

4 or 5

71
Q

An exaggeration of the concave curve of the lumbar region, resulting in a Swayback condition

A

Lordosis

72
Q

An exaggeration of the convex curve of the Thoracic region, resulting in a Hunchback condition

A

Kyphosis

73
Q

An abnormal lateral and rotational curvature of the vertebral column. Often accompanied by secondary abnormal curvatures, such as kyphosis.

A

Scoliosis

74
Q

Weight bearing portion of the vertebrae

A

Body

75
Q

The Vertebral Arch projects (anteriorly/posteriorly) from the body

A

posteriorly

76
Q

Each Vertebral Arch consists of two __, which is attached to the Body.

A

Pedicles

77
Q

Each Vertebral Arch consists of two __, which extend from the Transverse Process to the Spinous Process.

A

Laminae

78
Q

The Vertebral Arch and the posterior part of the Body, surround a large opening called __ __

A

the Vertebral Foramen

79
Q

The Vertebral Foramina of adjacent vertebrae combine to form the __ __.

A

Vertebral Canal

contains the spinal cord

80
Q

A single process that is present at the junction of two Laminae

A 
Spinous Process
(seen as lumps down midline of back)
81
Q

Process that extends laterally from each side of the vertebral arch, between the Lamina and Pedicle.

A

Transverse Process

82
Q

Each vertebrae has (#) Superior and (#) Inferior Articular Processes

A

2 Superior Articular Processes

2 Inferior Articular Processes

83
Q

The Inferior Articular Process of Superior Vertebrae, articulates with the __ __ __ of the Inferior Vertebrae

A

Superior Articular Process

84
Q

Pads of fibrocartilage located between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae

A

Intervertebral Disks

85
Q

The first cervical vertebrae is called the __

A

Atlas

86
Q

The Atlas has no body.

It has a large Superior Articular Facets - where it articulates with the __ __

A

Occipital Condyles

on base of skull

87
Q

The second cervical vertebrae is called the __

A

Axis

88
Q

The projection of the Axis, around which the Atlas rotates to produce a “no” motion

A

Dens / Odontoid process

89
Q

The Atlas (does/does not) have a Spinous Process

A

does NOT

90
Q

The spinous process of most cervical vertebrae end in two parts, called __ __ __.

A

BIFID spinous processes

91
Q

The Thoracic vertebrae have attachment sites for ___

A

the ribs.

92
Q

The first 10 Thoracic vertebrae have __ __ on their transverse processes, where they articulate with the tubercles of the ribs.

A

Articular Facets

additional articular facets are on the margins of the body

93
Q

The __ vertebrae have large, thick bodies,

and heavy, rectangular transverse and spinous processes.

A

Lumbar

94
Q

Lumbar Vertebrae: The Superior Articular Facets face __

A

medially.

95
Q

Lumbar Vertebrae: The Inferior Articular Facets face __

A

laterally.

96
Q

5 sacral vertebrae fuse into a single bone called __

A

the Sacrum

97
Q

The margins of the sacral bodies unite after __

A

20 yo

98
Q

The superior, lateral part of the sacrum forms wing-shaped areas called __

A

Ala (alae, pl)

99
Q

Sacrum:

The __ __ joins the sacrum to the pelvic bones

A

auricular surfaces

lateral surfaces that are ear-shaped

100
Q

Sacrum:

The spinous processes for the first four sacral vertebrae, partially fuse to form projections called __ __ __

A

Median Sacral Crest

101
Q

The spinous process of the 5th sacral vertebrae does not form, and leaves a gap called __ __

A

the Sacral Hiatus

exposes the sacran canal

102
Q

The anterior ridge of the first sacral vertebrae, bulges to form the __ __

A

Sacral Promontory

(separates the abd/pelvic cavities

103
Q

Thoracic Cage consists of

A
  • Thoracic vertebrae
  • Ribs, with their assoc. costal cartilages
  • Sternum
104
Q

Number of pairs of ribs

A

12

105
Q

All ribs articulate posteriorly with the __ __

A

thoracic vertebrae

106
Q

__ __ attach many of the ribs anteriorly to the Sternum

A

Costal Cartilages

107
Q

(True/False) ribs attach directly through their costal cartilages to the sternum

A

TRUE ribs

108
Q

The superior seven pairs of ribs are (true/false) ribs.

The inferior five pairs of ribs are (true/false) ribs

A 
true ribs (7 superior)
false ribs (5 inferior)
109
Q

The false ribs (do/do not) attach to the sternum

A

do not

110
Q

Ribs:

Two points of articulation with the Thoracic vertebrae

A
  1. Head (> inf articular facet/sup articular facet)

2. Tubercle (> transverse process of the inf vertebrae)

111
Q

The neck of the rib is between ___

A

the head and tubercle

112
Q

The Sternum is also called

A

breastbone

113
Q

3 parts of the Sternum

A
  • Manubrium
  • Body
  • Xiphoid Process
114
Q

A depression at the superior end of the Sternum.

Located between ends of the Clavicles.

A

Jugular Notch

find at the base of the neck

115
Q

A slight ridge at the junction of the Manubrium and the body of the Sternum

A

Sternal Angle

BIOLOGY (5 decks)

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