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A&P > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

joint

A

the area where two bones meet

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2
Q

articulations

A

the area where two bones meet

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3
Q

function of joints?

A

give skeleton mobility and hold skeleton together

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4
Q

two classifications of joints:

A

functional & structural

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5
Q

functional classification of joints:

A

based on amount of movement joint allows, divided into: synarthroses (immovable joints), amphiarthroses (slightly movable joints), diarthross (freely movable joints)

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6
Q

structural classification of joints:

A

based on material binding joints together and the presence or absence of joint cavity. divided into: fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, synoval joints

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7
Q

fibrous joints

A

bones joined by dense fibrous connective tissue; no joint cavity; three types: suture, syndesmosis, gomphosis

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8
Q

sutures

A

type of fibrous joint: only occur between bones of skull. rigid, interlocking joints. immovable for protection of brain. contain short connective tissue fibers. allow for growth during youth

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9
Q

syndesmoses

A

type of fibrous joint: bones connected exclusively by ligaments, cords, or bands of fibrous tissue. fiber length varies and impacts movement

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10
Q

gomphoses

A

type of fibrous joint: peg-in-socket. example: teeth

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11
Q

cartilaginous joints

A

bones united by cartilage. no joint cavity, not highly movable, either synchondroses or symphyses

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12
Q

synchrondroses

A

type of cartilaginous joint. bar or plate or hyaline cartilage unites bone. virtually all of these joints are immovable. example: epiphyseal plates in long bones of children

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13
Q

symphyses

A

type of cartilaginous joint. fibrocartilage unites the bone

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14
Q

synovial joints (6 distinguishing features)

A
  1. articular cartilage: prevents crushing of bone ends
  2. joint/synovial cavity: small, fluid-like potential space
  3. articular joint capsule: where synovial fluid is housed
  4. synovial fluid: viscous, slippery filtrate of plasma and hyaluronic acid
  5. different types of ligaments: capsular, extracapsular, intracapsular
  6. nerves and blood vessels
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15
Q

SOME synovial joints

A

fatty pads, articular discs

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16
Q

bursae

A

in synovial joints. sacs filled with synovial fluid that reduce friction where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons, or bones rub

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17
Q

Tendon Sheaths

A

Elongated bursa wrapped completely around the tendon

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18
Q

Three stabilizing factors synovial joints

A
  1. Shapes of articular surfaces
  2. ligament number and location
    * 3. muscle tendon that cross
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19
Q

Origin

A

Attachment to immovable bone

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20
Q

Insertion

A

Attachment to movable bone

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21
Q

Nonaxial

A

Slipping movements only

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22
Q

Uniaxial

A

movement in one plane

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23
Q

Biaxial

A

Movement in two planes

24
Q

Multiaxial

A

movement in or around all three joints

25
Q

Three types of movements of synovial joints

A

Gliding, angular movements, rotation,

26
Q

Gliding

A

One flat bone surface glides or slips over another similar surface

27
Q

Angular movement

A

Increase or decrease angle between two bones

28
Q

Rotation

A

Turning of bone around its own long axis

29
Q

Flexion

A

Decrease the angle of the joint (sagittal plane)

30
Q

Extension

A

Increase the angle of the joint (sagittal plane)

31
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from the midline

32
Q

Adduction

A

Movement toward the frontal plane

33
Q

Circumduction

A

involves flexion, abduction, extension, and abduction of limb

34
Q

Special movements

A
  1. Supination and pronation
  2. Dorsiflexion and plantar of foot
  3. Inversion and eversion
  4. Elevation and depression
  5. Opposition
35
Q

Six types, based on shape of articular surfaces

A

Plane, Hinge, Pivot, Condylar, Saddle Ball-and-socket

36
Q

Knee Joint

A

Largest, most complex joint of body

37
Q

What are the three Cs?

A

Collateral ligaments, Cruciate ligaments, Cartilages

38
Q

Femoropatellar joint

A

Plane joint

39
Q

Lateral and medial tibiofemoral joints

A

Femoral condyles with lateral and medial

menisci of tibia

40
Q

Intracapsular ligaments

A

Prevent anterior-posterior displacement

41
Q

Capsular and extracapsular ligaments

A

Help prevent hyperextension of knee

42
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament

A

Attaches to anterior tibia

43
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament

A

Attaches to posterior tibia

44
Q

Shoulder (Glenohumeral) Joint

A

Ball-and-socket joint

45
Q

Coracohumeral ligament

A

Helps support weight of upper limb

46
Q

Three glenohumeral ligaments

A

Weak and sometimes absent

47
Q

Elbow Joint

A

Articulation of radius and ulna with humerus

48
Q

Annular ligament

A

Surrounds head of radius

49
Q

Two capsular ligaments restrict side-to-side movemen

A

Ulnar collateral ligament, Radial collateral ligament

50
Q

Hip Joint

A

Reinforcing ligaments, Iliofemoral ligament, Pubofemoral ligament, Ischiofemoral ligament

51
Q

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

A

Mandibular condyle articulates with temporal bone

52
Q

Arthritis

A

Symptoms: pain, stiffness, and swelling of joint

53
Q

Osteoarthritis (OA)

A

Common, irreversible, degenerative (‘‘wear-and-tear’’)

arthritis

54
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

A

Chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease of

unknown cause

55
Q

Gouty Arthritis

A

Deposition of uric acid crystals in joints and soft tissues,

followed by inflammation; More common in men

56
Q

Lyme Disease

A

Caused by bacteria transmitted by tick bites

57
Q

Developmental Aspects of Joints

A

By embryonic week 8, synovial joints resemble adult

joints

A&P (9 decks)

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