Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of heart

A

endocardium, myocardium, epicardium, pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Endocardium

A

inner lining of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Myocardium

A

heart muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Epicardium

A

top layer of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pericardium

A

sac holding the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does the heart do

A

Propels blood for the transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, and immune substances in the body
Circulates blood to the lungs for O2 and CO2 exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

right side of heart

A

(pulmonary circulation) sends blood to lungs for O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

left side of heart

A

(systemic circulation) sends blood to all body systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

2 heart chambers

A

atria and ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

receive blood

A

atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

right atria

A

deoxygenated blood from venae cavae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

left atria

A

oxygenated blood from lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

pump blood from the heart

A

Ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

right ventricle

A

to lungs for oxygenation (pulmonary circulation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

left ventricle

A

through the aorta to the body systems (systemic circulation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

prevent backflow (regurgitation) of blood

A

Heart Valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

from right ventricle into right atrium

A

Tricuspid valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

from left ventricle into left atrium

A

Bicuspid (mitral) valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

from pulmonary artery into right ventricle

A

Pulmonic (pulmonary semilunar) valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

from aorta into left ventricle

A

Aortic (aortic semilunar) valve—

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

**Carry blood away from the heart
Carry oxygenated blood (except pulmonary artery)
Have strong muscular walls to withstand the surge of blood at each heartbeat

Bloodflow through the heart

A

blood vessels; arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Microscopic vessels composed of endothelial cells
Join arterial system with venous system
Have thin walls to allow exchange of substances between blood and body tissues

A

Capillaries; blood vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

**Carry blood to the heart
Carry deoxygenated blood (except for pulmonary vein)
Contain valves to help the return of blood to the heart

A

veins; blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the main function of the heart?

A

To propel blood for the transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, and immune substances in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What structures prevent backflow of blood within the heart?

A

Heart valves—the bicuspid, tricuspid, aortic valve, and pulmonic valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

3 major blood vessels

A

artieriers, veins, capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which blood vessel contains valves? Why?

A

Veins possess valves to prevent backflow of blood because it commonly must travel against gravity to return to the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

List the four chambers of the heart

A

Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How are the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein different from other arteries and veins of the body?

A

The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood; the pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood.

30
Q

CF vein

A

phleb/o, ven/o

31
Q

CF fatty plaque

A

ather/o

32
Q

CF pulse

A

sphygm/o

33
Q

CF blood clot

A

thromb/o

34
Q

Progressive, degenerative disease of the arteries
Commonly caused by buildup of fatty plaque (atheroma)
Possibly affecting any artery but most commonly the coronary and carotid arteries
Causes wall weakness, loss of elasticity, and blood-clot formation

A

Arteriosclerosis

35
Q

Arteriosclerosis Signs and symptoms

A

Dependent on location

Carotid artery—stroke symptoms, vision problems, dizziness, confusion, and headaches

Coronary artery—angina, shortness of breath, palpitations, weakness, and nausea

Peripheral arteries of the legs—claudication, pain triggered by walking, or possibly asymptomatic

36
Q

Arteriosclerosis Treatment

A

Pharmacological
Decrease blood cholesterol level
Control blood clotting

Surgical
Endarterectomy
Vascular bypass surgery
Stenting

37
Q

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

Any disorder of the coronary arteries that affects their ability to deliver blood to
the myocardium
Partial occlusion—distal tissues become ischemic, compromising heart function

Total or almost total occlusion of the coronary artery results in death of distal tissues, a condition called infarction or necrosis

38
Q

Most commonly caused by arteriosclerosis

Possible blood-clot formation or rupture caused by plaque

A

CAD

39
Q

CAD risk factors

A 
Smoking
Stress
Physical inactivity
Family history
Diabetes
Obesity
Elevated blood cholesterol
40
Q

CAD sign/symptom

A

Anginal pain
Shortness of breath
Diaphoresis
Pallor

41
Q

CAD Treatment

A 
Lifestyle changes
Quit smoking
Low-fat diet
Regular exercise
Weight and stress management

Pharmacological
Control of angina, hypertension, and triglyceride levels
Anticoagulant therapy, if needed

Surgical intervention

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG

42
Q

Local dilation of an artery
May cause thrombus formation, hemorrhage from rupture, or ischemia
Commonly located in the aorta of the abdomen or chest and the brain

A

Aneurysm

43
Q

Aneurysm 3 main types

A

Three main types (see illustration)
Fusiform (spindle-shaped)
Saccular (sac-shaped)
Dissecting (separated layers of the vessel wall)

44
Q

Aneurysm Signs and symptoms

A 
Possibly asymptomatic
In a slender patient, a pulsating middle and upper abdominal mass
Mild to severe weakness
Sweating
Tachycardia
Hypotension
45
Q

Aneurysm Treatment

A

Depends on the location, size, the likelihood that it will rupture, and the general physical status of the patient

Aortic aneurysm
Endovascular stent—graft surgery
Open surgical treatment—placement of a synthetic or stent graft

Brain aneurysm
Reserved only for cases that pose a high risk of rupture

46
Q

An aneurysm may cause weakness, sweating, tachycardia, and low blood pressure, also known as

A

hypotension

47
Q

Mr. B.’s doctor advises him that he has an abdominal aneurysm. The doctor explains that the aneurysm is likely the cause of his episodes of a very rapid heartbeat, called

A

tachycardia

48
Q

During surgery, the surgeon discovers a spindle-shaped aneurysm in a patient’s artery. This type of aneurysm is known as a

A

fusiform aneurysm.

49
Q

Varicose veins

A

Twisted, enlarged veins caused by blood pooling in the veins, especially in the legs
Pressure on valves from blood overcoming gravity on its way back to the heart
Valves weaken and become incompetent

50
Q

common locations of varicose veins

A

lower legs, esophagus, rectum

51
Q

Varicose veins

sign and symptom

A 
Engorged, twisted veins of the legs
Pain
Edema
Skin ulcers
Burning sensation
Itching
52
Q

Varicose veins Treatment

A 
Lifestyle changes
Avoiding long periods of standing
Elevating legs as much as possible
Wearing compression stockings
surgery- Sclerotherapy
Laser ablation
Radiofrequency ablation
Ligation and stripping (in heavily damaged or diseased veins)
53
Q

inability of the heart to maintain a normal sinus rhythm; also called dysrhythmia

A

arrhythmia

54
Q

mass of undissolved matter (foreign object, gas, tissue, thrombus) circulating in the blood until it becomes lodged in a vessel

A

embolus

55
Q

in adults, a persistently elevated blood pressure that exceeds a systolic pressure of 140 mm Hg or a diastolic pressure of 90 mm Hg

A

hypertension

56
Q

area of tissue that undergoes necrosis following cessation of blood supply

A

infarct

57
Q

local and temporary deficiency of blood supply resulting from circulatory obstruction

A

ischemia

58
Q

slender, threadlike device used to hold open vessels, tubes, or obstructed arteries

A

stent

59
Q

Surgical treatment for coronary artery disease

Grafted vessel anastomosed around a blocked segment of the coronary artery

A

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

60
Q

Balloon catheter inserted through a small incision and placed at the site of the plaque (A)
Balloon inflated, pressing fatty plaque against the vessel wall (B)
Balloon deflated and removed, leaving the stent in place (C)

A

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

61
Q

Painless screening test that uses an ultrasound probe passed over the carotid arteries to produce images of the carotid arteries
Used to identify blockage in the carotid artery that places one at risk for a stroke

A

Carotid artery ultrasound

62
Q

Procedure to remove atheromatous plaque from the inner lining of the carotid artery (see illustration)
Incision of the carotid artery (A)
Removal of the plaque (B)
Suture of the carotid artery (C)

A

Endarterectomy

63
Q

Painless, noninvasive test that records electrical impulses of the heart using electrodes placed strategically on the body
Impulses displayed as a line tracing on a paper strip with spikes and dips called waves
Wave interpretation identifies various cardiac irregularities

A

Electrocardiography (ECG, EKG)

64
Q

ECG that records electrical activity for 24 to 48 hours

Identifies irregularities that would be missed with a regular ECG of only a few minutes in duration

A

ECG Holter monitor

65
Q

ECG that evaluates heart function under stressful conditions
Performed in a controlled environment
Drug-induced stress
Exercise-induced stress, also called treadmill test

A

ecg stress test

66
Q

Device implanted in patients at risk for developing arrhythmias
Monitors heart rate and corrects tachycardia or bradycardia
Delivers of a jolt of electricity to restart the heart if it stops

A

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)

67
Q

Catheter guided into the heart via a vein or an artery for diagnostic purposes, including:
Measuring blood flow through coronary vessels
Measuring intracardiac or intravascular pressure
Obtaining blood samples
Conducting radiological studies

A

Cardiac catheterization

68
Q

Radiological procedure that visualizes the coronary arteries
Cardiac catheter under fluoroscopic guidance administers a contrast medium to facilitate imaging
Images identify areas of obstruction and stenosis in coronary arteries

A

Coronary angiography

69
Q

Mrs. T. is diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis in her lower leg. Her doctor prescribes a drug that dissolves a blood clot, known as a

A

thrombolytic

70
Q

Mr. B.’s doctor diagnoses him with hypercholesterolemia. The doctor advises him to follow a low-fat diet and prescribes a drug that reduces cholesterol levels, known as a

A

statin

71
Q

Three years ago, Mrs. S. underwent angioplasty. She is now diagnosed with recurring CAD. To relieve her “tightening chest pain,” the doctor prescribes a drug called a

A

nitrate

72
Q

Mr. K.’s BP is persistently over 150/95. To address this problem, the doctor prescribes a

A

beta blocker.

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions