Chapter 8 & 9 bio vocab

Question 0

heterotroph

Answer 0

Organism that obtains food by consuming other living things; also called a consumer

Question 1

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 1

Compound used by cells to store and release energy.

Question 2

autotroph

Answer 2

Organism that is able to capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce it’s own food from inorganic compounds;AKA producer

Question 3

photosynthesis

Answer 3

Process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and carbohydrates.

Question 4

pigment

Answer 4

Light-absorbing molecule used by plants to gather suns energy.

Question 5

chlorophyll

Answer 5

Principle pigment of plants and other photosynthetic organisms

Question 6

thylakoid

Answer 6

Sac like photosynthetic membranes found in chloroplasts.

Question 7

stroma

Answer 7

Fluid portion of chloroplasts.

Question 8

light-dependent reactions

Answer 8

Set of reactions in photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH

Question 9

light-independent reactions

Answer 9

Set of reactions in photosynthesis that do not require light; energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugar; AKA Calvin Cycle

Question 10

photosystem

Answer 10

Cluster of chlorophyl and proteins found in thylakoids

Question 11

electron transport chain

Answer 11

Series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high energy electrons during ATP- generating reactions.

Question 12

ATP synthase

Answer 12

Cluster of proteins that span the cell membrane and allow hydrogen ions to pass through it.

Question 13

Calorie

Answer 13

Measure of heat energy in foods.

Question 14

cellular respiration

Answer 14

Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.

Question 15

aerobic

Answer 15

Process that requires oxygen

Question 16

anaerobic

Answer 16

Process that does not require oxygen

Question 17

glycolysis

Answer 17

First set of reactions in cellular respiration

Question 18

Krebs cycle

Answer 18

The second stage in cellular respiration in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a set of energy extracting reactions.

Question 19

matrix

Answer 19

Inner most compartment of the mitochondrion

Question 20

fermentation

Answer 20

Process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen