Chapter 8 - Gastrointestinal Drugs

Question 1

3 general functions of the GI tract

Answer 1

1. entry of food and fluid into the body.
2. absorption of nutrients
3. excretion of wastes

Question 2

What are 3 examples of monogastric animals?

Answer 2

dogs, cats, primates.

Question 3

What is the GI configuration of ruminants?

Answer 3

system of forestomachs (reticulum, rumen and omasum) to digest coarse plant material, and a true stomach (abomasum).

Question 4

What is the difference between vomiting and regurgitation?

Answer 4

regurgitation brings up partially digested food for chewing in ruminants, where vomiting is forcible expulsion of gastric contents.

Question 5

What do ruminants use to digest coarse plant material?

Answer 5

microorganisms in the rumen.

Question 6

3 basic control mechanisms of the GI tract?

Answer 6

1. autonomic nervous system
2. homonal control
3. chemical control.

Question 7

what is the significance of the presence of bacterial endotoxins in the GI tract?

Answer 7

may increase permeability of intestinal blood vessels, resulting in increased fluid loss. May also induce fever and initiate shock.

Question 8

The CRTZ stimulates vomiting when activated by ____

Answer 8

chemical substances and impulses from the inner ear.

Question 9

2 examples of centrally acting emetics and 2 examples of peripherally acting emetics.

Answer 9

Centrally acting: apomorphine, xylazine

Peripherally acting: ipecac, mustard.

Question 10

What are drugs that inhibit vomiting?

Answer 10

antiemetics

Question 11

how do H2 receptor antagonists promote healing of GI ulcers?

Answer 11

reduce secretion of hydrochloric acid.

Question 12

what are 2 H2 receptor antagonists?

Answer 12

Cimetidine, ranitidine.

Question 13

what are two types of intestinal motility patterns?

Answer 13

peristalsis (waves of contraction), Segmentation (a mixing action)

Question 14

what two species do not vomit?

Answer 14

rats, horses

Question 15

what is the mechanism of action of saline/hypersmotic laxatives?

Answer 15

retain water in the gut, therefore softening stool.

Question 16

What is the active ingredient in metamucil?

Answer 16

Psyllium

Question 17

direct cholinergic drugs stimulate the GI tract by what mechanism?

Answer 17

mimick the effect of acetylcholine.

Question 18

what is the synthetic antibiotic/antiinflammatory used to treat giardia and anaerobic bacterial infections?

Answer 18

Metronidazole

Question 19

Four products used as oral cleansing agents

Answer 19

1. C.E.T.
2. Nolvadent
3. Oral Dent
4. Oxydent

Question 20

stimulation of the parasympathetic portion of the ANS ____ intestinal motility.

Answer 20

increases

Question 21

About what percent of stomach contents do emetics usually remove?

Answer 21

80%

Question 22

How does Sucralfate treat/prevent gastric ulcers?

Answer 22

forms a paste-like barrier over the surface of the ulcers.

Question 23

Bismuth subsalicylate compounds should be used with caution in ______

Answer 23

Felines

Question 24

Which species has no gallbladder?

Answer 24

Equines

Question 25

The crop in birds is used for _____

Answer 25

Food storage

Question 26

______ is an emetic

Answer 26

Apomorphine

Question 27

Cimetidine is a ____

Answer 27

H2 receptor antagonist

Question 28

____ loosen bowel contents

Answer 28

Laxatives

Question 29

Mg sulfate is found in ____

Answer 29

Epsom salts

Question 30

Viokase-V powder is _____

Answer 30

A digestive enzyme for dogs and cats.