Chapter 8 Intelligence

Question 1

What is intelligence?

Answer 1

the ability to use knowledge to reason, make decisions, make sense of events, solve problems, understand complex ideas, learn quickly, and adapt to environmental challenges

Question 2

The psychometric approach to measuring intelligence focuses on how people preform on what standardized tests?

Answer 2

• to measuring intelligence focuses on how people perform on standardized tests that assess mental abilities
• Achievement tests: assess people’s current levels of skill and of knowledge
• Aptitude tests: seek to predict what tasks, and perhaps even what jobs, people will be good at in the future

Question 3

What is the Standford - Binet theory?

Answer 3

intelligence test for children - tested on school type things (math, English, etc.)
○ Goal of educational streaming, therefore heavy emphasis on school skills

Question 4

What is the David Wechsler theory?

Answer 4

• Developed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
  
  • Two domains
    ○ Verbal
    ○ Performance

Question 5

What is mental age?

Answer 5

comparing the child’s test score with the average score for children of each chronological age

Question 6

What is Intelligence quotient (IQ)?

Answer 6

dividing mental age by chronological age then multiplying by 100
○ Doesn’t work after a certain age
- Adult IQ is measured in comparison with average adult

Question 7

What is Fluid intelligence?

Answer 7

the ability to process info, particularly in novel or complex circumstances - better when you are younger

Question 8

What is Crystallized intelligence?

Answer 8

intelligence that reflects both the knowledge one acquires through experience and the ability to use that knowledge - increases throughout life

Question 9

What is general knowledge (g)

Answer 9

• (g) influences important life outcomes (performance in school, work, etc)
  
  • Low g is related to early death (heart disease, diabetes, accidental death)
    ○ This is bc more likely to have risky job, not educated on health

Question 10

What is Emotional intelligence?

Answer 10

the ability to recognize understand and manage emotions and use emotions to guide appropriate thought and action
○ correlated with work success, still in question why, associated with quality of social relationships

Question 11

Working memory

Answer 11

memory tests have dual components show a strong relation between working memory and general intelligence

Question 12

What are Savants?

Answer 12

simultaneously demonstrate prodigious ability in one or several areas (math, music, art), while experiencing delays in most other domains

Question 13

What factors that influence intelligence?

Answer 13

• Prenatal factors (exposure to teratogens)
  
  • Post natal factors (breastfeeding)
  • Socioeconomic status (SES)
  • Growing up in a wealthy family (avg 12-18 pts higher IQ)
  • Enriched environments enhance learning and memory

Question 14

What are the 3 types of intelligence?

Answer 14

• Analytical intelligence is similar to that measured by psychometric tests—being good at problem solving, completing analogies, figuring out puzzles, and other academic challenges
• Creative intelligence involves the ability to gain insight and solve novel problems—to think in new and interesting ways.
• Practical intelligence refers to dealing with everyday tasks such as driving a car, understanding others, etc

Question 15

What is the Flynn Effect?

Answer 15

phenomenon discovered by intelligence researcher James Flynn that determined the average IQ of humans steadily increases over time