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Chemistry 1/2 COPY > Chapter 8- Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Chapter 8- Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Define hydrocarbons

A

Molecules that are made up of carbon and hydrogen

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2
Q

Define saturated hydrocarbons

A

Contain only a single carbon-carbon bond

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3
Q

Define unsaturated hydrocarbons

A

Have either two or three carbon-carbon bonds

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4
Q

Are hydrocarbons soluble in water?

A

NO

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5
Q

Are hydrocarbons generally polar or non-polar?

A

Non-polar

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6
Q

What type of bonding holds hydrocarbons together?

A

Dispersion Forces

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7
Q

What substances are hydrocarbons soluble in?

A

Non-polar

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8
Q

Explain the trend in boiling point for hydrocarbons

A

The boiling point increases when the hydrocarbon chains increase this can be explained due to increased dispersion forces.

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9
Q

Explain the patter in boiling points in regards to branched hydrocarbons

A

When molecule is branched they have a lower boiling point as the atoms are furthur away from eachother and have less dispersion forces.

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10
Q

Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated?

A

Saturated

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11
Q

How many bonds do alkanes contain?

A

1

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12
Q

What is the formula for alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

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13
Q

What are the main reactions that occur in alkanes?

A
  • Combustion

- Substitution (with any halogens)

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14
Q

Define an Isomer

A

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but have a different structural formula
-Structural isomers will have different properties and different names due to their difference in shapes/

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15
Q

What type of bond do alkenes have?

A

A double bond

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16
Q

What endings do alkenes have?

A

-ene

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17
Q

What reactions do alkenes undertake?

A
  • Combustion

- Self Addition

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18
Q

How many bonds do alkyenes have?

A

Three

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19
Q

What is the ending for alkyne?

A

-yne

20
Q

What is the formula for alkynes?

A

CnH2n-2

21
Q

What Reactions will alkyne undertake?

A

Combustion and Addition

22
Q

Define Cyclic Hydrocarbons

A

Hyrdocarbons that have formed rings

23
Q

An example of a unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon

A

Benzene

24
Q

Name the rules for naming hydrocarbons

A
  1. Determine the longest chain
  2. Number from which end nearest to a branch, functional group or a triple or double bond
  3. Name any branches first with the ending -yl e.g methyl
  4. Name side groups alphabetically
  5. 2 or me of the same side group is on a different carbon atoms prefxes such as di, tri and tetra are used
25
Q

What are condensed formulas for hydrocarbons?

A

Also known as semi-structural formulas used to represent an organic compound in a single line

26
Q

Define a Functional Group

A

A functional group is an atom or group of atoms that bind to an organic molecule to give is specific functional prperties

27
Q

What symbols represent the alcohols?

A

-OH

28
Q

What is the -OH group called

A

“Hydroxy”

29
Q

When naming alchols what is the suffix that is given?

A

-ol

30
Q

What are the properties of alcohols?

A
  • hydrogen bonding in alchols affect the boiling point

- Smaller alcohols are soluble in water, but solubility is decreasing as the non-polar section is increasing

31
Q

What are the reactions of alcohols?

A

Combustion reactions in the air

32
Q

Define the Carboxylic Acids

A

-COOH and is attached to the end of an organic compound.

33
Q

When naming carboxylic acids what is the suffix that is used?

A

-oic acid

34
Q

What are the properties of carboxylic acids?

A
  • Same properties as acids, but generally wea acids

- High boiling points

35
Q

What reactions do carboxylic acids undertake?

A

Esterfication

36
Q

What is an esterfication reaction?

A

When carboxylic acids react with alchols to form “esters”

37
Q

What are some properties of esters?

A
  • Intermolecular is dipole-dipole

- Low boiling point

38
Q

Where do hydrocarbons come from?

A

Crude Oil

39
Q

What is crude oil also known as?

A

petroleum

40
Q

How is crude oil seperated?

A

In a fractional distillation tower.

41
Q

Define fractional distilaltion

A

Seperating one mixture into various via different boiling points

42
Q

What is the order of the fractional distillation tower?

A

The lighter fractions are at the top of the tower due to their lower boiling points
- The heaver liquids will sit at the bottom of the tower due to their high boiling points

43
Q

Define cracking

A

Large hyrdrocarbons are broken down into smaller ones that are more useful

44
Q

Define Thermal Cracking

A

When high temperatures are used to break down the large hydrocarbons

45
Q

Define Catalytic Cracking

A

When a catalyst is used to break down the large hydrocarbon.

46
Q

What is crude oil and where did it come from?

A
  • Dead animals and plants from a long time ago
  • Carbon based creatures
  • Heated under extreme heat and pressure turns into crude oil
  • Crude oil can be seperated into various substances
47
Q

What does cracking produce?

A

An alkene and an alkane

Chemistry 1/2 COPY (15 decks)

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