Chapter 8 (Target Selection)

Question 1

Preparation (targeting decisions)

Answer 1

pre-incident, post-incident

Question 2

Pre-incident Preparation

Answer 2

1. gathering info about target (eliminate surprises); 2. make detailed plans; 3. rehearse those plans

Question 3

Post-incident Preparation

Answer 3

survivors of the attack debrief

Question 4

Approach (targeting decisions)

Answer 4

1. discriminate (hit very particular people because of their symbolic value); 2. indiscriminate (not differentiating between victims)

Question 5

Scope (targeting decisions)

Answer 5

domestic (attack against home country), transnational (attack across borders)

Question 6

Instrumental Approach (on target selection) (rational actors)

Answer 6

1. communication (what’s the message?); 2. influence (use terror to punish supporters of opposition, prove you’re influential)

Question 7

According to the Instrumental Approach, communication should

Answer 7

1. increase resolve; 2. build credibility; 3. show the extent of your commitment

Question 8

Organizational Approach (on target selection)

Answer 8

1. characteristics (capability of group influences target - capable, old groups should be most deadly); 2. interactions (when group density increases, so should violence; people have to pay attention for the group to survive)

Question 9

Psychological Approach (on target selection)

Answer 9

traumatic effect (watching innocent people die around you)

Question 10

Ideological Approach (on target selection)

Answer 10

legitimacy (justification; black/white outlook usually means indiscriminate targets - “for me or against me”) (secular groups are usually more discriminate - no hope for afterlife)

Question 11

Structural Approach (on target selection)

Answer 11

1. domestic environment (democracy - people have power, people have blame; autocracy - few in charge are to blame; economy, etc.); 2. population density (attacks happen where there are more people; recruiting is easier in urban areas, but police are targeted less)

Question 12

Policy options for target selection

Answer 12

1. target hardening (strengthen security of possible target structure); 2. intelligence sharing (communicate with other states); 3. proportional response (don’t overreact, don’t underreact)