Chapter 8 (Visual Imagery)

Question 1

systems that improve memory

Answer 1

mnemonics

Question 2

requires the learner to image a series of places that have some sort of order to them

Answer 2

method of loci

Question 3

when participants form images that interact

Answer 3

interacting images

Question 4

involves picturing items with another set of ordered “cues”

Answer 4

pegword method

Question 5

adding extra words or sentences to mediate your memory and the material

Answer 5

recoding

Question 6

the hypothesis that long-term memory contains two distinct coding systems

Answer 6

dual coding hypothesis

Question 7

coding systems according to the dual coding hypothesis

Answer 7

verbal (information about an item’s lingusitic meaning). imagery (mental pictures of some sort)

Question 8

give rise to both verbal labels and images

Answer 8

concrete words

Question 9

only have a verbal label

Answer 9

abstract words

Question 10

believed that imagery improved memory not because images are richer than labels, but because imagery produces more associations between items recalled

Answer 10

relational-organizational hypothesis

Question 11

when people respond faster to two objects that differ greatly

Answer 11

symbolic-distance effect

Question 12

form a visual image then scan it

Answer 12

imaginal scanning

Question 13

rules of thumb

Answer 13

heuristic

Question 14

information stored unintentionally along with other information that allows you to construct a visual image

Answer 14

implicit encoding

Question 15

five principles of visual imagery

Answer 15

implicit encoding, perceptual equivalence, spatial equivalence, transformation equivalence, structural equivalence

Question 16

functionally equivalent to perception to the extent that similar mechanisms are used

Answer 16

perceptual equivalence

Question 17

the spatial arrangement of the elements of a mental image corresponds to the way objects or their parts are arranged on actual physical space

Answer 17

spatial equivalence

Question 18

imagined transformations and physical transformations exhibit corresponding dynamic characteristics and are governed by the same laws of motion

Answer 18

transformational equivalence

Question 19

the structure of mental images corresponds to that of actual perceived objects

Answer 19

structural equivalence

Question 20

the tasks themselves or something about the task cues the person how to behave

Answer 20

demand characteristics

Question 21

when experiments unconsciously give cues to participants

Answer 21

experimenter expectancy effect

Question 22

believe there is a single code, neither visual nor verbal but propositional in nature

Answer 22

propositional theory

Question 23

area of the brain used to form faces

Answer 23

fusiform face area (occipital-temporal)

Question 24

area of the brain for mental images

Answer 24

parohippocampal place area (ventromedial area)

Question 25

how people represent and navigate in and through space

Answer 25

spatial cognition

Question 26

knowledge of where the different parts of ones body are

Answer 26

space of the body

Question 27

refers to the area immediately around you

Answer 27

space around the body

Question 28

refers to larger spaces

Answer 28

space of navigation