Chapter 9

Question 0

De-skilling

Answer 0

Subdivision of low-level jobs into small, highly specific tasks requiring less skilled employees

Question 1

Bureaucracy

Answer 1

Large hierarchical organization governed by formal rules and regulations and having clearly specified work tasks

Question 2

Division of labor

Answer 2

Specialization of different people or groups in different tasks, characteristic of most bureaucracies

Question 3

Free-rider problem

Answer 3

Tendency for people to refrain from contributing to the common good when a resource is available without any personal cost or contribution

Question 4

Hierarchy of authority

Answer 4

Ranking of people or tasks in a bureaucracy from those at the top, where there is a great deal of power and authority, to those at the bottom, where there is very little power and authority

Question 5

McDonaldization

Answer 5

Process by which the characteristics and principles of the fast food restaurant come to dominate other areas of social life

Question 6

Multinational corporation

Answer 6

Company that has manufacturing, production, and marketing divisions in multiple countries

Question 7

Oligarchy

Answer 7

System of authority in which many people are ruled by a privileged few

Question 8

Social dilemma

Answer 8

Potential for a society’s long-term ruin because of individuals’ tendency to pursue their own short-term interests

Question 9

Social structure

Answer 9

Framework of society-social institutions, organizations, groups, statuses and roles, cultural beliefs, and Institutionalized norms- that adds order and predictability to our private lives

Question 10

Tragedy of the commons

Answer 10

Situation in which people acting individually and in their own self-interest use up commonly available (but limited) resources, creating disaster for the entire community