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AP World QUIZ > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Inventor of the printing press.

A

Gutenberg

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2
Q

A powerful family in Florence.

A

Medici Family

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3
Q

When Europe shifted their focus to the Earth and human achievements. It was a focus on human endeavors.

A

Humanism

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4
Q

Where closer objects were drawn bigger and vice versa for further objects.

A

Linear Perspective

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5
Q

Something written in its native language.

A

Vernacular

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6
Q

A piece of paper that the faithful could purchase to reduce time in Purgatory

A

Indulgence

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7
Q

Martin Luther’s ideals caused this

A

Protestant Reformation

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8
Q

The Catholic Church reformed, winning back some people. Changed a lot of things, but more of the fact that they restated their position.

A

Catholic Reformation (counter-reformation)

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9
Q

Martin Luther believed that salvation was given by God directly through…

A

Grace

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10
Q

Practiced self-control and moderation. Believed that prayer and good works led to salvation.

A

Jesuits

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11
Q

A list of banned heretical works

A

The Index

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12
Q

Philosophers and social critics focused on the role of mankind in relation to government and ideas.

A

The Enlightenment

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13
Q

Monarchs who were convinced that God had ordained their right to govern, and that meant that people had a moral and religious obligation to obey them.

A

Divine Right

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14
Q

When Chinese emperors had to always please the gods, and if they didn’t, they would fall.

A

Mandate of Heaven

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15
Q

Guidelines for rulers with ideals of tolerance, justice, and improvement of people’s lifestyles.

A

Enlightened Monarchs

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16
Q

Made to resolve differences between Portugal and Spain. This established a line of demarcation on a longitudinal line that runs through the western Atlantic Ocean

A

Treaty of Tordesillas

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17
Q

The Spanish hierarchy

A

Peninsulares, Creoles, Mestizos, Mulattoes

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18
Q

An organizations created to pool the resources of many merchants, thereby distributing the costs and reduce danger.

A

Joint-Stock Company

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19
Q

England monopolized trade routes to Russia

A

Muscovy Company

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20
Q

Purpose was to oust heretics from Europe

A

Spanish Inquisition

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21
Q

This act established the Church of England

A

Act of Supremacy

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22
Q

A document limiting taxes and forbidding unlawful imprisonment

A

Petition of Right

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23
Q

This protects people from arrests without due process

A

Habeas Corpus Act

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24
Q

A group of French protestants

A

Huguenots

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25
Q

This created an environment of toleration

A

Edict of Nantes

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26
Q

Peasant-soldiers expanded Russian territories

A

Cossacks

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27
Q

Prohibited Japanese from traveling abroad.

A

National Seclusion Policy

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28
Q

Published “The Prince”, a book teaching monarchs about maintaining their power.

A

Machiavelli

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29
Q

Wrote “In Praise of Folly”, where he satirized political moves

A

Erasmus

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30
Q

Wrote “Utopia”, where everybody’s needs were met and an ideal society was achieved.

A

Sir Thomas Moore

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31
Q

A German monk that nailed a list of 95 theses on a church door. Outlined his frustrations with the church’s practices.

A

Martin Luther

32
Q

Led a powerful Protestant group by preaching an ideology of predestination. God had already damned most people.

A

John Calvin

33
Q

Did not have a son to take over his throne so he abandoned his wife. When he couldn’t, he renounced Rome and declared himself head of religious affairs. Created the “Church of England” with the Act of Supremacy

A

King Henry VIII

34
Q

Founded society of Jesuits, influential in restoring faith in the teachings of Jesus

A

Ignatius Loyola

35
Q

Developed a mathematical theory that asserted that the Earth and the other celestial bodies revolved around the sun and that the Earth rotated on its axis.

A

Nicolaus Copernicus

36
Q

Published his book about both theories of revolution. Explained how one cannot detect Earth’s rotation.

A

Galileo

37
Q

Invented calculus to help theories. Also developed law of gravity.

A

Sir Isaac Newton

38
Q

Thought that people were greedy and prone to violent warfare. Government should preserve peace and stability.

A

Thomas Hobbes

39
Q

Believed mankind was good, and were all born equal.

A

John Locke

40
Q

Wrote “The Social Contract”, and believed that all men were equal and society should be organized according to the general will of the people.

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

41
Q

Portugal explorer who rounded the Cape of Good Hope, then went to India to establish trade relations

A

Vasco de Gama

42
Q

Person who sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to discover India but instead discovered the Americas

A

Christopher Columbus

43
Q

Set out in search of the Incas was a tiny force of 200 men

A

Francisco Pizarro

44
Q

Landed in Mexico and took over the Aztec Empire

A

Hernan Cortes

45
Q

Initiated the consolidation of Spanish authority under one house, and thereby created a nation-state that would become one of the world’s most powerful forces over the next century.

A

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

46
Q

International importance of Spain grew under him, who inherited a large empire. Elected Holy Roman Emperor

A

Charles V

47
Q

Received the throne from Ferdinand I

A

Phillip II

48
Q

This age boasted commercial expansion, exploration, and colonization in the New World. A golden age occurred.

A

Elizabethan Age

49
Q

After the death of Elizabeth, he came into power and tried to institute reforms to accommodate the Catholics and the Puritans (ruled by John Calvin), but failed.

A

James I

50
Q

Son of James rose to power, and was forced to sign the “PETITION OF RIGHT” (where taxes were limited), but ignored it.

A

Charles I

51
Q

Parliament rose an army called the Roundheads, and were led by this person

A

Oliver Cromwell

52
Q

After they got rid of Charles I, they invited this person to come to power

A

Charles II (he was a closet Catholic)

53
Q

When Parliament invited Charles II to the throne with limited monarchy power

A

Stuart Restoration

54
Q

Charles II signed this act that protected people from arrests without due process

A

Habeas Corpus Act

55
Q

The bloodless change in leadership from James II (a Catholic) to William and Mary

A

Glorious Revolution

56
Q

Henry IV of France signed this that created an environment of toleration

A

Edict of Nantes

57
Q

This person managed the royal funds

A

Jean Baptiste Colbert

58
Q

Caused a disaster for the grand plans of France

A

War of Spanish Succession

59
Q

This war devastated the region and significantly weakened the role of the Holy Roman emperors

A

Thirty Years’ War

60
Q

This was intended to bring an end to the constant conflicts between Catholics and Protestants

A

Peace of Augsburg

61
Q

This affirmed the independence of small German states

A

Peace of Westphalia

62
Q

He refused to pay tribute to the Mongols and declared Russia free of Mongol rule

A

Ivan III

63
Q

Established absolute rule in Russia, uniting it and expanding it ever eastward

A

Ivan the Terrible/Ivan IV

64
Q

A period where there was no strong heir to the throne and Russia’s feudal lords continually battled

A

Time of Troubles

65
Q

The Time of Troubles ended when he was nominated as czar by the feudal lords

A

Michael Romanov

66
Q

He was convinced he needed to westernize Russia and built the first navy

A

Peter the Great

67
Q

She established more enlightened policies of education and western culture was implemented

A

Catherine the Great

68
Q

The Muslim Ottoman Empire rose in Anatolia and was founded by this man. THE OTTOMANS MADE CONSTANTINOPLE THEIR CAPITAL CITY AND RENAMED IT ISTANBUL

A

Osman Bey

69
Q

Built Ottoman military, encouraged development of the arts.

A

Suleiman I

70
Q

A leader who claimed to be descended from Genghis Khan but was Muslim invaded northern India and established the Mughal Empire

A

Babur

71
Q

Babur’s grandson, who unified much of India by governing under a policy of religious tolerance

A

Akbar

72
Q

Akbar’s grandson, who built the Taj Mahal

A

Shah Jahan

73
Q

An Islamic state with economic ties to the Muslim world through the trans-Saharan trade of salt and gold.

A

Songhai Empire

74
Q

On the west coast of Africa, this was a centralized kingdom and was bolstered by its trade with Portuguese merchants as early as the 1480s.

A

Kongo

75
Q

The kings of the Kongo converted to Roman Catholicism and he was particularly successful at converting his people

A

King Alfonso I

76
Q

The Portuguese established a small trading post in Ndongo as early as 1575 for the sole purpose of expanding their trade in slaves from the interior.

A

Angola

77
Q

Angola grew into a powerful state and she stopped the Portuguese from attempting to further exert their authority and control

A

Queen Nzinga

AP World QUIZ (2 decks)

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