Chapter 9 Flashcards
Activation energy
The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to proceed.
Avogadro’s number
The number of particles—6.02 * 1023— contained in 1 mole of anything.
Bond energy
The amount of energy required to pull two bonded atoms apart - which is the same as the amount of energy released when the two atoms are brought together into a bond.
Catalyst
Any substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being consumed by the reaction.
Chemical equation
A representation of a chemical reaction in which reactants are drawn before an arrow that points to the products.
Endothermic
A term that describes a chemical reaction in which there is a net absorption of energy.
Entropy
A measure of an amount of energy that has been dispersed. Wherever there is a spreading of energy - there is a corresponding increase in entropy.
Exothermic
A term that describes a chemical reaction in which there is a net release of energy.
Formula mass
The sum of the atomic masses of the elements in a chemical formula.
Law of mass conservation
The principle that states that matter is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction—atoms merely rearrange - without any apparent loss or gain of mass - to form new molecules.
Molar mass
The mass of 1 mole of a substance. Products The new materials formed in a chemical reaction. Reactants The reacting substances in a chemical reaction.
Reaction rate
A measure of how quickly the concentration of products in a chemical reaction increases or the concentration of reactants decreases.
Thermodynamics
An area of science concerned with the role energy plays in chemical reactions and other energy-dependent processes.
