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Medical Terminology > Chapter 9 * > Flashcards

Chapter 9 * Flashcards

1
Q

blood composed of what

A

Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelets

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2
Q

transport O2 to cells and remove CO2 from the cells

A

Erythrocytes

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3
Q

provide protection against invasion by pathogens and aid in the healing process

A

Leukocytes

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4
Q

provide a mechanism for blood clotting

A

Platelets

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5
Q

Formed elements suspended in a liquid called

A

plasma

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6
Q

CF blood clot

A

thromb/o

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7
Q

CF Embolus (plug)

A

embol/o

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8
Q

CF clumping, gluing

A

agglutin/o

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9
Q

CF serum

A

ser/o

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10
Q

CF nucleus

A

kary/o, nucle/o

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11
Q

CF iron

A

sider/o

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12
Q

CF swallowing, eating

A

phag/o

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13
Q

Lymphatic system

structure and function

A

Lymph nodes
Lymph vessels and lymph fluid
Tonsils, thymus, and spleen

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14
Q

Network of vessels that drain excess interstitial fluid from tissue spaces and return it to the blood
Maintains the cells that defend the body against disease-causing agents, such as bacteria, viruses, and cancerous cells

A

Lymphatic system

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15
Q

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

A

It helps maintain fluid balance and defends the body against invading microorganisms

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16
Q

How does the lymphatic system maintain fluid balance?

A

It drains excess tissue fluid from interstitial spaces and returns it to the blood.

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17
Q

Standing still of blood

A

hem/o/stasis

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18
Q

CF neck

A

cervic/o

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19
Q

CF lymph vessel

A

lymphangi/o

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20
Q

CF groin

A

inguin/o

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21
Q

CF lymph gland (node)

A

lymphaden/o

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22
Q

CF gland

A

aden/o

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23
Q

CF vessel (usually blood or lymph)

A

angi/o

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24
Q

CF foreign, strange

A

xen/o

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25
Q

CF lymph vessel

A

lymphangi/o

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26
Q

Decrease in RBCs caused by insufficient iron in the diet
Large, central paleness (pallor) in RBCs on microscopic examination
Most common anemia in the U.S.
Common in adolescents and premenopausal women during menses

A

Iron deficiency anemia

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27
Q

Iron deficiency anemia sign and symptom

A

Extreme fatigue
Cold hands and feet
Headaches

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28
Q

Iron deficiency anemia treatment

A

Depends on the severity and cause of the anemia
Oral or parenteral (intramuscular or IV) iron supplements
Dietary modifications, which are commonly sufficient to restore lost iron reserves
Red cell transfusions possibly required in elderly patients

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29
Q

Caused by inadequate levels of vitamin B12

Characteristic formation of large, abnormal RBCs

A

Pernicious anemia

30
Q

Pernicious anemia sign and symptom

A 
Weakness, nausea, vomiting
Inflammation of nerves (neuritis)
Muscular incoordination
Lightheadedness and impaired memory
Neurological signs and symptoms progress
alcohol drinking loose enzymes in stomach
31
Q

Pernicious anemia treatment

A

Vitamin B12 injections monthly for life
Dietary, such as including red meats and liver
Possibly lifelong treatment required

32
Q

Hereditary form of anemia in which RBCs take on an abnormal, crescent shape
Clumping of crescent-shaped RBCs, preventing them from passing through blood vessels
Impaired circulation and chronic organ damage
can’t transport oxygen

A

Sickle cell anemia

33
Q

Sickle cell anemia Signs and symptoms

A

Anemia (in all individuals with sickle cell anemia)
Episodic attacks of intense pain (pain crises) in arms, legs, or abdomen
Jaundice in white of the eye (sclera)
Painful crises possibly triggered by infections, stress, and extremes in temperature
Clinical manifestations in many body systems and organs

34
Q

Sickle cell anemia Treatment

A 
Analgesics
Adequate hydration
Regular blood transfusions, which are useful in decreasing the severity of the disease
In severe cases, bone marrow transplant
hydration and pain management
35
Q

Mrs. R. arrives at the clinic with fatigue and impaired muscular function. Her blood tests reveal she has enlarged RBCs. The doctor prescribes injections of vitamin B12 and charts her condition as

A

pernicious anemia

36
Q

Mr. A. is diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. He is told that there is insufficient iron in his RBCs, causing them to have a very light color, clinically described as

A

hypochromic

37
Q

Malignancy of the bone marrow
Proliferation of white blood cells (WBCs) that are unable to carry on their normal function
Crowding out of RBCs and platelets by WBCs, leading to anemia and bruising and bleeding problems
Acute and chronic forms

A

Leukemia

38
Q

Leukemia Signs and symptoms

A

Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and lymphadenopathy
Fatigue, malaise, easy bruising, and exercise intolerance
Night sweats and joint pain
Some forms asymptomatic until late in the disease

39
Q

Leukemia Treatment

A

Depends on the type of leukemia and the stage of development
Variety of chemotherapeutic agents
Bone marrow transplants

40
Q

Mr. K. suffers from leukemia and presents to the hospital for a bone marrow transplant. Transplantation of bone marrow from a donor is known as a

A

homologous

41
Q

Mrs. J.’s past history indicates that she suffers from an autoimmune disease that manifests as a chronic abnormal enlargement of her lymph nodes. The physician charts this disease of the lymph nodes as

A

adenopathy

42
Q

Abnormal accumulation of fluid within tissues
Especially common in the arms and legs
Possibly caused by injury to the tissue (as in burns) or blockage of the lymph channels
Possibly leading to fibrosis and inflammation of the tissues

A

Lymphedema

43
Q

Lymphedema Signs and symptoms

A

Generalized swelling of an arm or leg that may occur after surgery when a chain of lymph nodes has been removed
Most common cause: radical mastectomy with removal of underarm lymph nodes
Ineffective drainage of tissue fluid, causing edema
Other causes: injury (trauma), radiation therapy, surgery, skin infections, and tumors

44
Q

Lymphedema Treatment

A

Compression (usually with multilayered bandages) to limit swelling and promote lymph drainage
Manual lymph drainage
Elevation of the body part to promote drainage
Range-of-motion exercises

45
Q

The term for excision of lymph nodes is

A

lymphadenectomy

46
Q

Mr. S. presents with a large, painful node in his groin. The doctor believes a lymphatic blockage exists and orders an x-ray of the lymph gland. This diagnostic procedure is called

A

lymphadenography

47
Q

Ms. D. was scratched on the arm by her new kitten. Three days later a large lump appeared under her arm. After examination, the doctor diagnosed cat-scratch fever with a resulting inflammation of the lymph gland. The doctor charted this diagnosis as

A

lymphadenitis

48
Q

Malignancy of connective tissue that causes purple, red, or brown patches to form under the skin and mucous membranes

Lesions that generally appear on the legs and spread to the face, neck, back, and mouth
Possible invasion of internal organs, including the lungs, intestines, and liver
Closely associated with HIV infection and considered an “AIDS-defining condition”

A

Kaposi Sarcoma

49
Q

Kaposi Sarcoma Signs and symptoms

A

Purple, red, or brown patches on the skin or mucous membranes
Weight loss due to pain caused by eating when lesions are in the mouth or throat
Dyspnea when found in the lungs
Appearance first on lower extremities but spreading to upper body, face, mucous membranes of the throat, and internal organs

50
Q

Kaposi Sarcoma Treatment

A

Depends on stage of infection and degree of metastasis
Commonly radiation therapy, chemotherapy, surgery, and immunotherapy
Palliative treatment and good oral hygiene (essential)

51
Q

Mrs. R. is a recent liver transplant patient. The doctor prescribes drugs to prevent her transplanted liver from being rejected by her body. The drugs she is taking to suppress her immune system and prevent organ rejection are known as

A

immunosuppressives

52
Q 
Autoimmune disease
Development of antibodiesthat attack the skin, joints,and other organs of the body
Mild to life-threatening disease
Pattern of “flares” and remissions 
More common in women
A

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

53
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Signs and symptoms

A

Fatigue, joint pain, anemia
Abnormal blood clotting and edema
Butterfly-shaped rash over the nose and cheeks
Sensitivity to light and sun

54
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Treatment

A 
Anti-inflammatories
Corticosteroids
Antimalarials
Immunosuppressives
Anticoagulants
55
Q

Deficiency in the number of circulating platelets
Most common cause of hemorrhagic disorders
Serious threat to hemostasis because of the vital role that platelets play in coagulation

A

Thrombocytopenia

56
Q

Thrombocytopenia Signs and symptoms

A

Bruising
Bleeding from the nose andgums
Prolonged bleeding after injury or dental procedures
Petechiae on the skin (as shown in the illustration)

57
Q

Thrombocytopenia Treatment

A

Treatment of the underlying cause of the platelet deficiency
Whole blood transfusions
Packed red blood cell transfusions
Platelet transfusions

58
Q

protein produced by B cells that protects against substances that are potentially harmful to the body

A

antibody (immunoglobulin)

59
Q

substance recognized by the immune system that will elicit the production of antibodies

A

antigen

60
Q

accumulation of serous fluid in the thoracic or abdominopelvic cavity

A

ascites

61
Q

purple, irregularly formed hemorrhagic area under the skin; also called bruise

A

ecchymosis

62
Q

small, pinpoint hemorrhages under the skin

A

petechiae

63
Q

blood test that measures the amount of antibodies in blood; commonly used as an indicator of immune status

A

titer

64
Q

Whole blood, blood cells, or plasma given by intravenous transfusion
Complete correction of blood loss

A

Blood transfusion

65
Q

Two types of blood transfusion

A

Autologous

Homologous

66
Q

Aspiration of red bone marrow from the hip bone of a matched donor
Destruction of all cancerous cells with chemotherapy or radiation (which destroys all cells in the red bone marrow)
Transfusion of donated bone marrow cells, which travel through the blood to the bones and implant

A

Bone marrow transplant

67
Q

Excision of one or more pathological lymph vessels

Treatment for cancer

A

Lymphangiectomy

68
Q

Withdrawal of bone marrow for microscopic evaluation (usually from pelvic bone or, rarely, the sternum)

A

Bone marrow aspiration

69
Q

Mr. G. is diagnosed with a thrombus. To dissolve the blood clot the physician prescribes a

A

thrombolytic

70
Q

To prevent the formation of a postsurgical blood clot, the physician prescribes an

A

anticoagulant

71
Q

To prevent rejection of Mr. K.’s recently transplanted kidney, the physician prescribes an

A

immunosuppressant

72
Q

AMA recommends vaccinations to induce immunity to certain infectious diseases. These vaccinations are known as

A

immunizations

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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