Chapter 9

Question 1

Prejudice

Answer 1

the preconceived negative judgment of a group and its individual members

Question 2

Stereotype

Answer 2

a belief about the personal attributes of a group of people, often overgeneralized, inaccurate, and resistant to new information

Question 3

Discrimination

Answer 3

unjustified negative behavior toward a group or its members

Question 4

Racism

Answer 4

an individual’s prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behavior toward people of a given race/ institutional practices that subordinate people of a given race

Question 5

Sexism

Answer 5

an individual’s prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behavior toward people of a certain sex/institutional practices that subordinate people of a given race

Question 6

Social Dominance Orientation

Answer 6

a motivation to have one’s group dominate other social groups

Question 7

Ethnocentric

Answer 7

believing in the superiority of one’s own ethnic and cultural group, and having a corresponding disdain for all other group

Question 8

Authoritarian Personality

Answer 8

a personality that is disposed to favor obedience

Question 9

Realistic Group Conflict Theory

Answer 9

the theory that prejudice arises from competition between groups for scarce resources

Question 10

Social Identity

Answer 10

the “we” aspect of our self-concept, the part of out answer to “Who am I” that comes from our group memberships

Question 11

Ingroup

Answer 11

“Us”, a group of people who share a sense of belonging, a feeling of common identity

Question 12

Outgroup

Answer 12

“them”, a group that people perceive as distinctively different from or apart from their group

Question 13

Ingroup bias

Answer 13

the tendency to favor one’s own group

Question 14

Terror Management

Answer 14

people’s self-protective emotional and cognitive responses when confronted with reminders of their mortality

Question 15

Outgroup Homogeneity Effect

Answer 15

perception of outgroup members as more similar to one another than are ingroup members

Question 16

Own-Race Bias

Answer 16

tendency for people to more accurately recognize faces of their own race

Question 17

Stigma consciousness

Answer 17

a person’s expectation of being victimized by prejudice or discrimination

Question 18

Group-serving bias

Answer 18

explaining away outgroup members’ positive behaviors and attributing negative behaviors to their disposition

Question 19

Just-World Phenomenon

Answer 19

tendency of people to believe that the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get

Question 20

Subtyping

Answer 20

accommodating individuals who deviate from one’s stereotype by thinking of them as “exceptions to the rule”

Question 21

Subgrouping

Answer 21

accommodating individuals who deviate from one’s stereotype by forming a new stereotype about this subset of the group

Question 22

Stereotype Threat

Answer 22

a disruptive concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype