Chapter 9: Carboxylic Acid Derivative

Question 1

what are amides

Answer 1

condensation products of carboxylic acids and ammonia or amines ; suffix -amide ; cyclic amides = lactams

Question 2

what are esters

Answer 2

condensation products of carboxylic acids and alcohols ; suffix -oate ; cyclic ester = lactones

Question 3

what are triacylglyerols

Answer 3

form of fat storage that includes three ester bonds between glycerol and fatty acids

Question 4

what are anhydrides

Answer 4

condensation of two carboxylic acids; suffix -anhydride

Question 5

how are asymmetrical anhydrides named

Answer 5

named by listing parent carboxylic acids alphabetically followed by anhydride

Question 6

what is the reactivity of carboxylic acids

Answer 6

anhydrides > esters > amides

Question 7

How does induction affect reactivity

Answer 7

more electronegative groups in a carbonyl containing compound increase reactivity

Question 8

how does conjugation affect reactivity

Answer 8

conjugated carbonyl compounds are more reactive because they stabilize their transition states

Question 9

how does ring strain affect reactivity

Answer 9

more ring strain makes compounds more likely to react

Question 10

anhydride + ammonia/amine

Answer 10

carboxylic acid + amide

Question 11

anhydride + alcohol

Answer 11

carboxylic acid + ester

Question 12

anhydride + water

Answer 12

two carboxylic acids

Question 13

what is transesterification

Answer 13

exchange of one esterifying group for another on an ester ; attack Nu is an alcohol

Question 14

Amides —> carboxylic acid

Answer 14

strong acidic ( Nu = H2O ) or basic conditions (Nu= -OH)