Chapter 9: joints classified by structure Flashcards
What are the 3 joints classified by structure?
fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial joints
Fibrous joints
Where bones are joined by fibrous connective tissue
Are fibrous joints immovable, slightly movable, or freely moveable?
they are mostly immovable or slightly movable
how many types of fibrous joints is there?
3
sutures - found in the skull; example: coronal suture, sagittal suture, squamous suture
syndesmosis - bones joined by ligaments; example: distal joint of the tibia and fibula
gomphosis - type of syndesmosis; teeth joined at maxilla and mandible bones by periodontal ligaments
What are cartilaginous joints and how many types are there?
These where bones are joined by cartilage. There are two types
Synchondrosis
Symphysis
Are cartilaginous joints freely moveable, immovable, or slightly moveable?
They are either immovable or slightly movable
Synchondrosis cartilaginous joints
Hyaline is the main cartilage in these
examples: between first true rib and sternum
the epiphyseal plate of the humerus
Symphysis cartilaginous joints
fibrocartilage is the main cartilage
examples:
intervertebral discs between vertebral bodies, pubic symphysis between pubis parts of coxal bones
What are synovial/diarthrosis joints?
they are the most common and freely movable. The structure of these is more complex than the other two
Examples: shoulder, elbow, hip, knee joints
Articular cartilage (synovial joint)
covers and protects bones at joint
Joint/articular cavity
space containing synovial fluid which acts as lubricant and nourishes articular cartilage
articular/joint capsule
surrounds joint cavity and is made up of 2 layers
Outer layer of articular/joint capsule
it is a thicker fibrous layer of dense irregular connective tissue continuous from the periosteum
inner layer of the articular/joint capsule
inner synovial membrane of loose areolar connective tissue from which synovial fluid comes from
reinforcing ligaments
some synovial joints have ligaments to strengthen the joint outside the joint capsule or going through the joint
example: knee joint
articular disc/meniscus
mainly fibrocartilage going through joint cavity; it helps joints fit together to reduce friction and stabilize
example: knee joint, temporomandibular joint/TMJ
Bursae (related to synovial joints)
a fluid filled sac like structure similar to joint capsules
Where are bursae found?
in areas of synovial joints to help reduce friction between moving body parts in the area
ex. subacromial bursa (under the scapula)
What is a tendon sheath?
it is like an elongated bursa around a tendon in the area of synovial joints to help reduce friction between the tendon and other structures in the area
examples: around biceps brachii tendon
