Chapter Four

Question 1

Cytology

Define Cytology

Answer 1

Study of Cells

Question 2

Microscopy

Define Microscopy

Answer 2

Investigation of very small objects by means of microscope

light microscope, transmission electron microscope, and the scanning ele

Question 3

Light Microscope

What is a Light Microscope?

Answer 3

Produces a two-dimensional image by passing visible light through the specimen stained with colored dyes

Question 4

Electron Microscope

Define Electron Microscope

Answer 4

Used a beam of electrons to “illuminate” the specimen stained with heavy metal

Question 5

Transmission Electron Microscope

Define Transmission Electron Microscope

Answer 5

Directs an electron beam through a thin-cut section of specimen. A two-dimensional image of the specimen is focused either onto a screen or onto photographic film

Question 6

Scanning Electron Microscope

Define Scanning Electron Microscope

Answer 6

Used for a three-dimensional image of the surface of the specimen

Question 7

Plasma Membrane

Define Plasma Membrane

Answer 7

Barrier separating the cytoplasm from the interstitial fluid

Question 8

Nucleus

What is a Nucleus

Answer 8

Cellular structure housing DNA or a group of cell bodies in the central nervous system

Question 9

Cytoplasm

Define Cytoplasm

Answer 9

All cellular contents contained between the plasma membrane and the nucleus; includes cytosol, organelles, and inclusions

Question 10

Cytosol

Define Cytosol

Answer 10

Viscous, sytrup like medium with dissolved solutes in the cytoplasm

Question 11

Organelles

Define Organelles

Answer 11

Complex, organized structures in the cytoplasm of a cell with unique characteristic shapes; called the “little organs”

Question 12

Inclusions

Define Inclusions

Answer 12

Temporary store of molecules

Question 13

Cell Functions

Name some Cell Functions

Answer 13

• Obtain nutrients
• Dispose of wastes
• Maintain integrity and shape of a cell

Question 14

Phospholipids

Define Phospholipids

Answer 14

Lipid that forms bilayers of the plasma membrane

Question 15

Cholesterol

Define Cholesterol

Answer 15

Type of steroid found in the plasma membrane

Question 16

Glycolipids

Define Glycolipds

Answer 16

Lipid with an attached carbohydrate

Question 17

Integral Proteins

Define Integral Proteins

Answer 17

Embedded within and extend completely across the phospholipid bilayer

Question 18

Glycoproteins

Define Glycoproteins

Answer 18

Proteins with attached carbohyrdrate groups

Question 19

Transport Protein

Define Transport Protein

Answer 19

Provide a means of regulating the movement of substances across the plasma membrane

Question 20

Cell Surface Receptors

What is a Cell Surface Receptor

Answer 20

Bind specific molecules called ligands

Question 21

Ligands

Define Ligand

Answer 21

Molecules that bind to macromolecules

Question 22

Identity Marker

Define Identity Marker

Answer 22

Communicate to other cells that they belong to the body.

Question 23

Enzymes

Define Enzyme

Answer 23

Protein that catalyzes a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy

Question 24

Anchoring Sites

Define Anchoring Site

Answer 24

Secure the cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane