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A & P > Chapter Four > Flashcards

Chapter Four Flashcards

1
Q

4 Types of Tissues found in the body

A

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous

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2
Q

Classify Epithelia

A

Cellular sheets, covering and lining cavities and tracts (digestive, respiratory) of the body

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3
Q

Describe & Draw Epithelial cells connecting

A

Tight Junctions, Gap Junctions, Desmosomes

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4
Q

Epithelial cells connecting: Tight Junctions

A

prevent stomach acid from leaking into blood

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5
Q

Epithelial cells connecting: Gap Junctions

A

Coordinate contraction of cells in the heart so that they beat synchronously, generate force that leads to blood flow.

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6
Q

Epithelial cells connecting: Desmosomes

A

Holds skin together

  1. Desmosomes: cell to cell
  2. Hemi-Desmosomes: cell to ECM
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7
Q

Explain stratified squamous building esophagus & anal canal

A

Provides physical protection against abrasion, pathogens, and chemical attack

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8
Q

Explain simple squamous building capillaries & lung alveoli

A

Reduces friction; controls vessel permeability; performs absorption and secretion

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9
Q

Gland

A

One or more epithelial cells that make and secrete a solution onto a body surface, into a body cavity or directly into blood. Two general classes of glands: Endocrine and Exocrine

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10
Q

Endocrine Gland

A

Release hormones into the blood. Also known as ductless glands

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11
Q

Exocrine Gland

A

Secrete fluids on to the epithelial surfaces of the body. They usually have ducts leading to the body surfaces. Have variety of shapes. Example: Sweat Glands

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12
Q

3 main categories of Connective Tissue

A

Connective Tissue Proper (CT Proper), Fluid Connective Tissues, and Supporting Connective Tissues

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13
Q

Main ingredients of Connective Tissue Proper

A

Cells + Extracellular Matrix (ECM)
Cells: Fibroblasts + others
ECM: Fibers (collagen, reticular collagen, elastin), Ground Substance (proteoglycans), and Fluid (interstitial fluid, aka Extracellular fluid)

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14
Q

CT Proper: Fibers

A

Collagen (bundles), Reticular (networks), Elastic (stretch/relax)

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15
Q

CT Proper: Ground Substance

A

Fills the space between cells and functions as a sieve for diffusion between blood and cells. Composed of:

  • Interstitial Fluid
  • Proteins: Adhesion Proteins “glue” or Proteoglycans
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16
Q

CT Proper: Loose Areolar

A

Location: between organs, muscles, glands, skin
Structure: collagen fibers far apart
Function: support and protect

17
Q

CT Proper: Dense

A

Location: tendons, ligaments, skin
Structure: collagen fibers packed close together
Function: connect and can withstand pulling forces

18
Q

CT Proper: Adipose

A

Location: under skin and around organs
Structure: collagen and elastic fibers, cells filled with lipids
Function: storage, insulate, cushion

19
Q

Supporting Connective Tissues

A

Cartilage and Bone

20
Q

Supporting Connective Tissues: Hyaline cartilage

A

Location: covers ends of bones
Function: reduces friction

21
Q

Supporting Connective Tissues: Fibrocartilage

A

Location: between vertebra
Function: withstands compression

22
Q

Supporting Connective Tissues: Elastic Cartilage

A

Location: ear and tip of nose
Function: can recoil

23
Q

Fluid Connective Tissue

A

Blood and Lymph

24
Q

3 types of Muscle Tissue

A

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth

25
Q

Muscle Tissue: Skeletal Muscle

A

Muscles responsible for movement

26
Q

Muscle Tissue: Cardiac Muscle

A

found only in the heart (pumping blood)

27
Q

Muscle Tissue: Smooth Muscle

A

Found in walls of hollow, contracting organs (blood vessels; urinary bladder; reparatory, digestive and reproductive tracts)

28
Q

2 cells used to build Nervous Tissue

A

Neurons and Glia

29
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

Forms brain, spinal cord and nerves. Made of 2 cell types and has very little extracellular matrix

30
Q

Nervous Tissue: Neurons

A

Electrically active cells with long processes and have specializations to receive and send messages. They connect with each other to form complex circuits (learning, remembering, tasting, walking, seeing).

31
Q

Nervous Tissue: Glia

A

Support cells and so much more. Intimately associated with neurons and do many things e.g. provide electrical insulation for neurons, take up waste

32
Q

Nervous Tissue Functions

A

Neurons connect with each other to form complex circuits, which allow for learning, remembering, tasting, walking, seeing.

33
Q

Membranes

A

simplest organ and composed of epithelia + connective tissue

34
Q

4 types of Body Membranes

A

Mucous, Serous, Cutaneous, and Synovial

35
Q

Locations of Body Membranes and Structure

A

View Images

36
Q

Regeneration

A

The repair that occurs after the damaged tissue has been stabilized and the inflammation has subsided. Fibroblasts move into the area, laying down a collagenous framework “scar tissue” which over time, looks more natural.

37
Q

Fibrosis

A

Formation of fibrous tissue as a reaction or as a repair process; may occur due to treatment and/or disease.

A & P (5 decks)

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