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STAT 114 > Chapter I-III > Flashcards

Chapter I-III Flashcards

1
Q

Statistics in its Plural Sense

A

is a set of numerical data (e.g, vital statistics in a beauty contest, monthly sales of a company, daily peso-dollar exchange rate)

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2
Q

Statistics in its Singular Sense

A

is a branch of science that deals with the collection, presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data.

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3
Q

What are the general uses of statistics?

A

It aids in decision-making, summarizes data for public use

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4
Q

Applications of Statistics according to Brad Efron

A

Scientific Framework in education, agriculture, biology, and medicine.

Increasing influence in astronomy, geology, and physics

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5
Q

What is the role of statistics in biological and medical sciences?

A

It can help researchers discover relationships of variables and determine if a certain treatment is better than the others.

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6
Q

What is the role of Statistics in the social sciences?

A

It can help guide researchers to support theories and models that cannot be just rationalized.

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7
Q

What is the role of Statistics in business?

A

A company can use statistics to forecast sales, design products, and produce goods more efficiently.

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8
Q

What is the role of statistics in engineering?

A

It can be used to test properties of various materials/

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9
Q

What field of statistics refers to procedures and techniques used in the collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of data?

A

Statistical Methods of Applied Statistics

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10
Q

What field of statistics deals with the development and exposition of theories that serve as bases of statistical metthods?

A

Statistical Theory of Mathematical Statistics

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11
Q

What major area of statistics has methods concerned with the collection, description, and analysis of a set of data without drawing conclusions or inferences about a larger set?

A

Descriptive Statistics

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12
Q

Methods concerned with making predictions or inferences about a larger set of data using only the information gathered from a subset of this larger set.

A

Inferential Statistics

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13
Q

Present the Philippine Population by constructing a graph indicating the total number of Filipinos counted during the last census by age group and sex

A

Descriptive Statistics

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14
Q

A new milk formulation designed to improve the psychomotor development of infants was tested on randomly selected infants.

A

Inferential Statistics

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15
Q

Present the number and percentage of summa cum laude, magna cum laude, and cum laude in all UP units in the year 2023.

A

Descriptive Statistics

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16
Q

This is a collection of all elements under consideration in a statistical study.

A

Population

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17
Q

This is a part or subset of the Population from which the information is collected

A

Sample

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18
Q

This is a numerical characteristic of a population. (e.g, population mean, population variance)

A

Parameter

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19
Q

This is a numerical statistic of the sample. (e.g, sample mean, sample variance, etc)

A

Statistic

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20
Q

A study was conducted at UP Cebu to analyze the grade weighted average (GWA) of students who marched in the graduation rites last July 21, 2023.

what is the population?

A

All students in UP Cebu who marched in the graduation rites last July 21, 2023

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21
Q

A study was conducted at UP Cebu to analyze the grade weighted average (GWA) of students who marched in the graduation rites last July 21, 2023.

what is the sample?

A

A group of UP Cebu students who marched in the graduation rites last July 21, 2023, randomly selected

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22
Q

A study was conducted at UP Cebu to analyze the grade weighted average (GWA) of students who marched in the graduation rites last July 21, 2023.

What is the Parameter?

A

The GWA of UP Cebu student who marched in the graduation rites last July 21, 2023

23
Q

What is the Statistic?

A

The GWA of students in the study who graduated from UP Cebu last year

24
Q

Cars crashed into a tree at a speed of 100 kilometers per hour. We want to know the proportion of persons in the driver’s seat that would have head injuries. We start with a simple random sample of 75 cars.

What is the Population?

A

All cars that crashed into a tree at a speed of 100 kilometers in year 2019

25
Q

Cars crashed into a tree at a speed of 100 kilometers per hour. We want to know the proportion of persons in the driver’s seat that would have head injuries. We start with a simple random sample of 75 cars.

What is the Sample?

A

The 75 cars that were selected by simple random sampling

26
Q

Cars crashed into a tree at a speed of 100 kilometers per hour. We want to know the proportion of persons in the driver’s seat that would have head injuries. We start with a simple random sample of 75 cars.

What is the Parameter?

A

The proportion of persons who would have suffered head injuries in the population

27
Q

Cars crashed into a tree at a speed of 100 kilometers per hour. We want to know the proportion of persons in the driver’s seat that would have head injuries. We start with a simple random sample of 75 cars.

What is the Statistic?

A

The proportion of persons who would have suffered head injuries in the sample

28
Q

A cycle that is used to carry out a statistical investigation in five stages

A

Statistical Enquiry Cycle

29
Q

define the problem and investigate the question (First stage of the SEC)

A

Problem

30
Q

determine what to measure, what the design of the study is, and what the variables are (Second stage of the SEC)

A

Plan

31
Q

Collect Data and Clean it (Third Stage of the SEC

A

Data

32
Q

Create graphs and summary statistics, and relate it to the context of the problem. (Fourth Stage of the SEC)

A

Analysis

33
Q

Answer the question, and report it to others. This may lead to other questions. (Final stage of the SEC

A

Conclusion

34
Q

It is a characteristic or attribute of persons or objects which can assume different values or labels for different persons or objects under consideration

A

Variable

35
Q

Classification of Variables

a variable that yields categorical responses

A

Qualitative

36
Q

Classification of Variable

a variable that takes on numerical values representing an amount or quantity

A

Quantitative

37
Q

Political Affiliation

A

Qualitative

38
Q

Occupation

A

Qualitative

39
Q

Height

A

Quantitative

40
Q

Number of cars

A

Quantitative

41
Q

Sex

A

Qualitative

42
Q

a quantitative variable which can assume finite, or at most, countably infinite number of values; usually measured by counting or enumeration

A

Discrete Variable

43
Q

a quantitative variable which can assume infinitely many values corresponding to a line interval. It is measurable( measured using a continuous scale such as kilos, cms, grams)

A

Continuous Variable

44
Q

Number of cars

A

Discrete

45
Q

Weight (weight is no always whole)

A

Continuous

46
Q

Height

A

Continuous

47
Q

Number of dependents

A

Discrete

48
Q

Is the process of determining the value or label of a particular variable

A

Measurement

49
Q

is the weakest level of measurement where numbers or symbols are used simply for categorizing subjects into different groups

A

Nominal Level

50
Q

Contains the properties of the nominal level, and in addition, the number assigned to categories of any variable may be ranked or ordered in some low-high manner

A

Ordinal Level (Ranking Scale)

51
Q

has the properties of the nominal and ordinal levels, and in addition, the distances between any two numbers on the scale are of any known sizes. It must have a common and constant unit of measurement that is arbitrary and there is no true zero point.

A

Interval Level

52
Q

contains all the properties of the interval level and in addition, it has a true zero point

A

Ratio Level

53
Q

Sex

A

STAT 114 (6 decks)

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