chapter one the atmosphere extended

Question 1

What is the relationship between circulations and the earths surface?

Answer 1

Circulations are represented as earth’s motion relative to the earth’s surface.

Question 2

What is the primary cause for circulations?

Answer 2

circulations are caused primarily by the temperature differential that exist between the tropics and the polar regions, and by uneven heating of land and water areas by the sun.

Question 3

What are heavier-than-air flights dependent on?

Answer 3

They’re dependent upon the aerodynamic forces originating from a category of fluids of gases.

Question 4

Characteristics of the atmosphere such as _____, _____ and _____ are used b the pilot to determine whether a flight will achieve adequate performance, or even become airborne.

Answer 4

pressure
velocity
temperature

Question 5

1. What is the barometer?
2. What did they determine?
3. Who created it?

Answer 5

1. An instrument that measures atmospheric pressure.
2. They determined that air has weight which changes as altitude is changed with respect to sea level.
3. Blaise Pascal and Evangelista Torricelli

Question 6

The atmosphere has ____, ____ and an _____.

Answer 6

mass
weight
indefinite shape

Question 7

Why is air similar to water?

Answer 7

able to flow and change shape when subjected to even minute changes in pressure because it lacks strong molecular cohesion.

Question 8

how much water vapor vary in percent of volume?

What is Water vapor dependent on?

Answer 8

0-5%

The maximum amount of Water vapor the air can hold is dependent on temperature. The higher the temp, the more water vapor the air can hold and vise versa.

Question 9

In addition to gases within the atmosphere what are a few other foreign matter and impurities can it hold?

Answer 9

pollen, dust, bacteria, soot, volcanic ash, spores, salt particles and dust from outer space.

Question 10

The ___ of the air remains constant from sea level up to its highest level, , buts it ___ diminishes rapidly with altitude.

Answer 10

composition

density

Question 11

how many ___ miles up from the surface will the air be too thin to support respiration?

Answer 11

6 miles

Question 12

How many ___ will not enough oxygen be present to support combustion, except in some turbine engine powered airplanes?

Answer 12

12 miles

Question 13

Between ___miles and ___miles above the earth, high solar ultraviolet reacts with oxygen molecules to produce a thin curtain of ____.

Answer 13

12 miles and 30 miles

ozone

Question 14

what does the ozone layer filter out?

Answer 14

ozone filters out a portion of the suns lethal ultraviolet rays ,allowing only enough through to give us sunburn, kill bacteria and prevent rickets.

Question 15

How many ____ to ____miles up from the surface does most molecules begin to breakdown under solar radiation into free atoms , and form hydroxyl ions (OH) form water vapor. What happens to the atoms in this region?

Answer 15

50 to 65 miles

atoms become ionized

Question 16

How far does the troposphere extend from the earth’s surface?

Answer 16

extends from the earth’s surface to about 35,000 feet at middle latitudes, but varies from 28,000 feet at the poles to about 54,000 feet at the equator.

Question 17

What are three significant things that happen within the troposphere?

Answer 17

1. characterized by large changes in temp and humidity and turbulent conditions.
2. nearly all cloud formations form here
3. 3/4 of the total weight of the atmosphere is in the troposphere.

Question 18

localized inversions can cause temp to ___ with altitude?

Answer 18

increase.

Question 19

What defines the tropopause?

Answer 19

defined as the point in the atmosphere at which the decrease in temperature (with increasing altitude) abruptly ceases.

Question 20

1. Where does the stratosphere extend from?

2. What is the upper portion of the stratosphere called?

Answer 20

extends from the upper limits of the troposphere and the tropopause to an average altitude of 60 miles.

Upper portion called chemosphere or ozonosphere.

Question 21

Stratosphere is characterized by a ___ temp and a ___ atmosphere.

Answer 21

level temp and very stable atmosphere