CHAPTER ONE VOCAB Flashcards
Anthropology
the study of human beings, their biology, their prehistory and histories, and their changing languages, cultures, and social institutions.
Industrialization
the economic process of shifting from an agricultural economy to a factory-based one.
Evolution
the adaptive changes in populations of organisms across generations.
Empirical
verifiable through observation rather than through logic or theory.
Colonialism
the historical practice of more powerful countries claiming possession of less powerful ones.
Salvage Paradigm
the paradigm which held the it was important to observe indigenous ways of life, interview elders, and assemble collections of objects made and used by indigenous people.
Cultural Anthropology
the study of the social lives of living communities.
Archaeology
the study of past cultures by excavating sires where people lived, worked, farmed, or conducted some other activity.
Biological Anthropology
the study of the biological and bio-cultural aspects of the human species, past and present, along with those of our closest relatives, the nonhuman primates.
Linguistic Anthropology
the study of how people communicate with one another through language and how language use shapes group membership and identity.
Culture
the taken-for-granted notions, rules, moralities, and behaviors within a social group.
Ethnocentrism
the assumption that one’s own way of doing things is correct, while dismissing other people’s practices or views as wrong or ignorant.
Cultural Relativism
the moral and intellectual principle that one should withhold judgement about seemingly strange or exotic beliefs and practices.
Diversity
the sheer variety of ways of being human around the world.
Holism
Efforts to synthesize distinct approaches and findings into a single comprehensive interpretation.
