Chapters 1-3 Aboriginal Societies, French, British

Question 1

culture

Answer 1

a way of life or a way of being shared by a group of people; culture includes the knowledge, experiences, and values a group shares and that shape the way its members see the world

Question 2

pluralistic society

Answer 2

a society made up of many different groups of people, each with its own unique identities, ideas, perspectives, and culture; the resulting society has a sense of respect for all cultures

Question 3

authentic

Answer 3

trustworthy and reliable; original; not a copy

Question 4

point of view

Answer 4

An individual’s personal viewpoint

Question 5

bias

Answer 5

a personal life or dislike of something or someone that is not necessarily based on fact

Question 6

Natural world

Answer 6

the land, water, mountains, forests, plants, wildlife, and climate

Question 7

core value

Answer 7

an important idea or belief about how people should live

Question 8

world view

Answer 8

a way of looking at the world that reflects one’s core values

Question 9

traditional teaching

Answer 9

a unique belief of the First Nations passed down orally from generation to generation that explains how the earth was created, how people came to exist, or the relationships among the plants, animals, land, people, and the spirit world

Question 10

indigenous people

Answer 10

the original inhabitants of a given area

Question 11

Elder

Answer 11

a respected member of an Aboriginal community who uses Traditional Teachings, experience, and wisdom to help people in their community make good decisions

Question 12

oral culture

Answer 12

a way of life in which language, teachings, and traditional stories are memorized and passed down orally from one generation to the next

Question 13

ethnocentric

Answer 13

a viewpoint that judges other global cultures and ideas according to personal values and standards; believing one’s own ethnic group is superior

Question 14

government

Answer 14

the way people organize themselves to choose their leaders and make decisions

Question 15

decision making by consensus

Answer 15

a debate in which people discuss an issue until they can all agree on one outcome

Question 16

matrilineal

Answer 16

ancestral descent through the maternal line

Question 17

Clan Mother

Answer 17

the head of a Haudenosaunee longhouse

Question 18

alliance

Answer 18

a union in which groups agree to trade and help each other resolve disputes

Question 19

Iroquois Confederacy

Answer 19

An alliance including the five Haudenosaunee nations living south of the Great Lakes: the Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, and Mohawk; the Tuscarora later joined the alliance

Question 20

communal

Answer 20

something done or owned collectively

Question 21

economy

Answer 21

the way in which people meet their basic needs, such as food, clothing, and shelter

Question 22

empire

Answer 22

a network of colonies controlled by a single country

Question 23

imperialism

Answer 23

a country extending its control over other countries, often using economic or military means

Question 24

competition

Answer 24

the act of competing with others for profit or a prize

Question 25

religion

Answer 25

a personal or institutionalized belief system

Question 26

monopoly

Answer 26

when only one company or group is allowed to sell or trade a product in a certain area

Question 27

Sovereign Council

Answer 27

a government with three officials: a governor, an intendant, and a bishop, set up by King Louis XIV to govern the colony of New France

Question 28

governor

Answer 28

a powerful official; in New France, the most powerful member of the Sovereign Council and the King’s personal representative

Question 29

intendant

Answer 29

In New France; the second-most important figure of the Sovereign Council; he was in charge o the day-to-day affairs of the colony

Question 30

bishop

Answer 30

a high-ranking cleric; the head of the church in New France

Question 31

Jesuits

Answer 31

an order of missionaries who came to North America to convert First Nations peoples to the Catholic religion

Question 32

seigneurial system

Answer 32

a social system based on nobles (or seigneurs) who rented land to farmers (or habitants); the habitants had to give seigneurs a portion of their annual crop and pay other fees, and the seigneurs had to build a mill and a church on their land for the farmers

Question 33

mercantilism

Answer 33

an economic system that allowed an imperial country to become rich by selling the resources taken from its colonies

Question 34

Rupert’s Land

Answer 34

a vast territory named after Prince Rupert, the first head of the Hudson’s Bay Company, consisting of most of what is now Western and Northern Canada