Chapters 1-6 Flashcards
1 LB =
454 g
1 In =
2.54 cm
1 Qt =
946 ml
1 cm^3 =
1 ml
Kelvin conversion to Celsius =
C + 273
Fahrenheit converted to Celsius =
1.80C +32
Common name of NH3
ammonia
common name of CH4
methane
common name of H202
hydrogen peroxide
scientific method
observation hypothesis experiment
theory
an overall explanation of observed natural behavior
law
a generalization that concisely summarizes the observed natural behavior
measurements in the metric system
mega = 1,000,000 kilo = 1,000 deci = 0.1 centi = 0.01 milli = 0.001 micro = 0.000001 nano = 0.000000001
Sig Figs
leading zeroes never captive zeroes always trailing zeroes if there is a decimal point
What is the equation for density?
D = M/V
Daltons Atomic Theory
all matter is made up of atoms all atoms are identical atoms differ per element atoms can combine to form compounds atoms can not be created or destroyed
Plum pudding model
William Thomson proposed that atoms contained electrons, that atoms of an element have no charge proposed a cloud of positive electricity
Rutherford model
atom is mostly empty space, contains electrons throughout, nucleus is a tiny positive charged unit in the center
modern atomic structure
nucleus contains protons and neutrons electrons orbit with -1 charge atomic volume is space where electrons move
what is the atomic number?
(z) the number of protons in the nucleus
what is the mass number?
number of protons and neutrons
what is an isotope?
atoms with same number of protons but different number of neutrons
Group 1A
alkali metals
Group 2A
alkaline earth metals
group 7A
halogens
group 8A
noble gases
What are the seven diatomic elements?
Br,I,N,Cl,H,O,F
how are ions formed?
when an electron is either added or removed
How do you know what type of ions are formed
cations from groups 1,2,3 have one possible charge cations from transition metals can have more than 1 anions from group 6 always form 2- ions while group 7 is -1 ions
How do you name a cation type 1
element name + ion
how do you name a cation type II
element name (charge in roman numerals) + ion
how do you name an anion?
element root name + ide + ion
how to name binary molecular compounds (type III)
name first element name second element as though it were an anion (prefix+ first element name) + (prefix + second element root name + ide)
Naming compounds with polyatomic ions
cation name + anion name
how do you balance an equation?
all atoms present in the reactions must be accounted for in the products
Al
aluminum
antimony
Sb
argon
Ar
arsenic
As
barim
Ba
