Chapters 10, 11

Question 1

Malignant tumors, benign tumors, and inflammatory conditions are not related to:

Answer 1

Hypoxia

Question 2

Select the true statement regarding ACR practice guidelines for an ultrasound examination of the female pelvis:

Answer 2

Use the lowest possible sonographic exposure settings to gain the necessary diagnostic information

Question 3

Choose the most appropriate transducer frequency for a transabdominal pelvic sonogram when more depth penetration is needed.

Answer 3

2.5 MHz

Question 4

A full urinary bladder enhances uterine visualization, but frequently causes a suboptimal____ Doppler exam owing to the angle of incidence.

Answer 4

Uterine artery

Question 5

If a cystic mass is suspected during a full bladder pelvic ultrasound examination, the patient should:

Answer 5

Void the urinary bladder and further investigate the pelvis

Question 6

Which position provides the best visualization of free fluid in the pouch of Douglas during an endovaginal ultrasound examination?

Answer 6

Lithotomy with a slight reverse Trendelenburg

Question 7

Quantitative measurements of Doppler studies include:

Answer 7

Measurements of estimating absolute blood velocities, assessment of vascular impedances, and quantifying flow disturbances

Question 8

With constant perfusion pressure, the flow ____ as the impedance to flow ____.

Answer 8

Increases, decreases

Question 9

Resistive index (RI) calculates:

Answer 9

The peak systolic velocity to the end-diastolic velocity

Question 10

Suspicion for vascular occlusion occurs when a:

Answer 10

High resistance pattern is detected where low resistance is normally seen

Question 11

A correct angle of ____is required when analyzing vascular flow to determine its velocity by a Doppler shift.

Answer 11

Less than 60 degrees

Question 12

Normal arterial flow is seen as:

Answer 12

Alternating quick uptake systolic peak followed by a lower diastolic flow

Question 13

What is laminar flow?

Answer 13

Blood velocity traveling highest in the mid vessel

Question 14

Name the vessel (appearing as a tubular structure) often seen sonographically in the outer uterine myometrium.

Answer 14

Arcuate artery

Question 15

The functional layer of the endometrium is supplied blood by the:

Answer 15

Radial and spiral arteries

Question 16

An arteriovenous malformation (AVM):

Answer 16

Is typically acquired through surgery or trauma

Question 17

Choose a statement that is not related to pelvic congestion.

Answer 17

Frequently diagnosed in nulliparous women

Question 18

The best description of classic ovarian torsion is:

Answer 18

An enlarged, edematous ovary with multiple small peripheral follicles and little or no vascular flow

Question 19

Complex cysts of the pelvis are:

Answer 19

Difficult to discriminate because benign and malignant characteristics can be similar

Question 20

Which statement is correct?

Answer 20

High resistance flow has a low end-diastolic value with a high peak systolic value

Question 21

An ineffective method of reducing adolescent anxiety prior to and during an ultrasound examination would be:

Answer 21

Providing a nurse chaperone

Question 22

When examining the pelvis of an infant or small child with ultrasound, which transducer is recommended?

Answer 22

Phased array or curved linear in the range of 4 to 20 MHz

Question 23

Motion reduction on still images while imaging children can be attained by:

Answer 23

Decreasing persistence

Question 24

Bladder filling for infants can usually be accomplished by feeding a bottle:

Answer 24

30 minutes prior to the sonographic exam

Question 25

A newborn female uterus is typically ____ shaped, whereas a 3-month-old uterus is usually ____ shaped.

Answer 25

Spade, tube

Question 26

The best method to visualize an adolescent vagina is by:

Answer 26

TAS

Question 27

Ovarian volume of a female under 5 years old is ____.

Answer 27

1 cm cubed or less

Question 28

Ovarian cysts measuring over 9 mm in the first year of life are known as:

Answer 28

Macrocysts

Question 29

The most common lower urinary tract tumor discovered in the pediatric community is:

Answer 29

Rhabdomyoscarcoma

Question 30

In the pediatric population, benign lesions of the lower urinary tract such as leiomyoma, fibroma, and hemangioma:

Answer 30

Are very uncommon

Question 31

The most common site of tumors in the pediatric female genital tract is the:

Answer 31

Ovaries

Question 32

An infection that can potentially affect the ovaries, uterus, and fallopian tubes and can cause tubo-ovarian abscess, endometritis, salpingitis, oophoritis, and/or pelvic peritonitis:

Answer 32

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Question 33

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the tumor found most commonly in the lower urinary tract of the pediatric population. This tumor usually originates from the:

Answer 33

Genitourinary tract

Question 34

Precocious puberty is:

Answer 34

The onset of puberty usually before 8 years of age

Question 35

Large ovarian cysts are common in fetuses of mothers with:

Answer 35

Toxemia

Question 36

Select Turner syndrome characteristics.

Answer 36

Deficient ovaries, dwarfism, amenorrhea, webbed neck

Question 37

Ambiguous genitalia in neonates warrants sonography to exclude anomalies associated with:

Answer 37

Gonads, adrenal glands, kidneys

Question 38

The most common ultrasound appearance of a rhabdomyosarcoma is described as:

Answer 38

Homogenous with a muscle- like appearance

Question 39

Gartner duct cysts:

Answer 39

Are located within the vaginal wall, have a simple cystic appearance, and are both single or multiple in number

Question 40

Hematometrocolpos is:

Answer 40

Blood in both the uterus and vagina