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AP Euro > Chapters 22-25 > Flashcards

Chapters 22-25 Flashcards

0
Q

Concert of Europe (Congress System)

A

Balance of power that existed in Europe from the end if the Napoleonic Wars (1815) to the outbreak of World War I

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1
Q

Congress of Vienna

A

Meeting of quadruple alliance - Russia, Prussia, Austria, GB - and restoration France to fashion a general peace settlement that began after the defeat of napoleon’s France in 1814

HOSTED BY METTERNICH

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2
Q

Conservatism

A

View that valued tradition and maintained status quo

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3
Q

Liberalism

A

View that valued individual freedom and embraced social change

Two main tenets: individualism and liberty

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4
Q

Nationalism

A

View that glorified people united against absolutism and foreign rule

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5
Q

Utilitarianism

A

View that actions are right if they are useful or for the benefit of a majority

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6
Q

Socialism

A

View that desired a more fair economic restructuring of society

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7
Q

Karl Marx

A

Socialist - published The Communist Manifesto aka bible of socialism

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8
Q

Romanticism

A

Artistic ideal that valued emotion, spontaneity, and creative freedom

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9
Q

Reform Act of 1832

A

Increased male suffrage

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10
Q

Chartists movement

A

First mass movement driven by the working class

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11
Q

Themes of 1830 revolutions

A

Spread of ideas of freedom and equality - romantic revolutions led to establishment of constitutional monarchies

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12
Q

Themes of 1848 revolutions

A

Spread of ideas of democracy, liberalism, nationalism, socialism

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13
Q

French political history

A

Monarchy (bourbons) –> 1st republic –> 1st empire –> bourbons –> house of Orleans –> 2nd republic –> 2nd empire –> 3rd republic –>

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14
Q

Labor aristocracy

A

Best workers of the working class

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15
Q

Women’s role

A

Views on women and children changed, ppl married for love instead of class, prostitution was very high

16
Q

Urban life

A

Sanitation improved –> improved living conditions, high population density, rebuilding of cities, public transportation improved

17
Q

19th century prison reform

A

Attempt to improve condition inside prisons, aiming at a more effective penal system

18
Q

Alcohol in 19th century

A

Favorite pastime, became less socially acceptable but more publicly acceptable

19
Q

Charles Darwin and Darwinism

A

Theory of biological evolution stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual’s ability to compete, survive, and reproduce

20
Q

Social Darwinism

A

Idea that sought to apply biological concepts of natural selection and survival of the fittest to sociology and politics

21
Q

Realism

A

The doctrine that universals or abstract concepts have an objective or absolute existence

22
Q

Napoleon III’s reign

A

Greatest success was with economy, support from working classes, believe that the gov should represent the people and help them economically

23
Q

Franco-Prussian War

A

Conflict between second French empire and kingdom of Prussia

Caused by yrs of tension which finally turned into war over the issue of a candidate for the Spanish throne

24
Q

People of Unification of Italy

A

Cavour - alliance with Napoleon III against Austria and caused war between Austria and Sardinia and France to get Austria out

Garibaldi

Mazzini - important writer

25
Q

Zollverein (German Customs Union)

A

Coalition if German dates formed to manage tariffs and economic policies within their territories

26
Q

German Empire in 1871

A

Conservative, triumph of middle class, federation of tradition German states

27
Q

Kulturkampf

A

Bismarck’s attack on Catholic Church

28
Q

Paris commune (1871)

A

Socialistic government that briefly ruled Paris

Crushed by French armies

29
Q

Crimean War

A

Conflict where Russia lost France, Britain, the Ottoman Empire and Sardinia as allies

Caused by Russia becoming stronger and their backwardsness

30
Q

Causes of Russian revolution of 1905

A

Failure in Russo-Japanese war

Czar was corrupt

31
Q

Decline of Ottoman Empire

A

Loss of huge territories, breakdown of centralized gov,

32
Q

Dual monarchy in Austria-Hungary

A

To satisfy the Magyars

33
Q

Revisionist socialism

A

Socialists whom have abandoned the revolutionary method and the Marxian analysis

Social democrats

AP Euro (2 decks)

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