Chapters 33 & 34

Question 1

The Indian Congress Party

Answer 1

D) was initially loyal to the British rulers and primarily concerned with interests of the Indian elite.

Question 2

Which of the following statements concerning British administration of India in the last decades of the nineteenth century is most accurate?

Answer 2

C) British emphasis on the production of cash crops such as jute, cotton, and indigo led to shortages of food production in India.

Question 3

Who was the first Indian leader with a genuine mass following?

Answer 3

D) B. G. Tilak

Question 4

Which of the following was NOT part of the militant nationalism proposed by Tilak?

Answer 4

B) More administrative positions within the British Raj for qualified Indians

Question 5

By the first decade of the twentieth century, what group dominated the leadership of the Indian Congress Party?

Answer 5

C) Western-educated lawyers

Question 6

The Morley-Minto reforms of 1909

Answer 6

provided educated Indians with expanded opportunities to elect local and all-India councils.

Question 7

Which of the following statements concerning Gandhi is NOT accurate?

Answer 7

he was the first of the great liberators to spring from the ranks of the peasants

Question 8

In 1931, Gandhi renewed his civil disobedience to the British administration of India with the

Answer 8

Salt March.

Question 9

After World War I, the Egyptian nationalist movement was increasingly centralized in what nationalist party?

Answer 9

D) Wafd

Question 10

What radical African leader helped to achieve independence in Ghana?

Answer 10

C) Kwame Nkrumah

Question 11

Some Indian leaders like __________ believed that the fact that Hindus made up the overwhelming majority of the Indian population meant nationalism should be built on appeals to Hindu religiosity.

Answer 11

B. G. Tilak

Question 12

The cause of Egyptian independence was taken up mainly by the sons of the __________, the prosperous business and professional urban families.

Answer 12

effendi

Question 13

In one person, __________ combined a Western-educated lawyer with considerable world exposure and a rather astute understanding of the British colonizers with the attributes of a traditional Hindu holy man.

Answer 13

Mohandas K. Gandhi

Question 14

The occupying Europeans faced stiff resistance from the Arabs in each of the __________ they carried out in Syria, Iraq, and Lebanon under the auspices of the League of Nations.

Answer 14

mandates

Question 15

Individuals convinced that Jews could never be assimilated into Western society founded __________ organizations to promote Jewish migrations to Palestine.

Answer 15

Zionist

Question 16

The __________ literary movement nurtured by French-speaking west African exiles did much to combat the racial stereotyping that had so long held Africans in psychological bondage to Europeans.

Answer 16

negritude

Question 17

The Muslim League in the 1940s was led by the dour __________.

Answer 17

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Question 18

Two nations were created from the Indian subcontinent India and __________.

Answer 18

Pakistan

Question 19

The head of the leading nationalist party in Kenya was __________.

Answer 19

Jomo Kenyatta

Question 20

A rigid system of racial segregation in South Africa, called __________ by the Afrikaners, was established after 1948.

Answer 20

apartheid

Question 21

Because India and much of Southeast Asia had been colonized long before Africa, movements for independence arose in Asian colonies somewhat earlier than in their African counterparts.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Egypt is the one country in the Afro-Asian world in which the emergence of nationalism preceded European conquest and domination.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Of all of their colonial empire, no colony was as vociferous in opposition to the British effort in World War I as India.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

Like their counterparts in India, most Western-educated Africans were staunchly loyal to their British and French overlords during World War I.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

The British acknowledgment of Nkrumah as the prime minister of an independent Ghana in 1957 simply concluded a transfer of power from the European colonizers to the Western-educated African elite that had been underway for nearly a decade.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

The Indian Congress Party that led the Indians to independence and has governed through most of the postcolonial era, grew out of an alliance between Muslims and Hindus.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

The extent of the hostility felt by the Egyptian masses to British occupation was demonstrated by the Suez Canal incident of 1906.

Answer 27

False

Question 28

In the Atlantic Charter of 1941, Roosevelt persuaded a reluctant Churchill to include a clause that recognized the “right of all people to choose the form of government under which they live.”

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Mass civil disobedience campaigns were renewed in India under the guise of the Anarchy movement, which began in the summer of 1942.

Answer 29

False

Question 30

Not surprisingly, the continued subjugation of the Black Africans became a central aim of the Boer political organizations that emerged in the 1930s and 1940s, culminating in the Afrikaner National Party.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

What happened in 1947 during the decolonization of India that established a precedent throughout the Third World?

Answer 31

The partition of the subcontinent as a result of ethnic and religious strife

Question 32

The continued relegation of the Third World to economic dependency after decolonization is sometimes referred to as the

Answer 32

C) “neocolonialism.”

Question 33

One of the most common elements of African and Asian governments since decolonization is

Answer 33

military takeovers.

Question 34

Which of the following nations experienced a military takeover of its government?

Answer 34

D) Uganda

Question 35

Gamal Abdul Nasser

Answer 35

participated in the Free Officer movement that toppled the Khedive Farouk in 1952.

Question 36

Nasser’s greatest foreign policy coup was the

Answer 36

expulsion of the British from the Suez Canal Zone in 1956.

Question 37

In which of the following ways was India similar to Egypt following decolonization?

Answer 37

emphasis on socialism and state intervention in the economy

Question 38

Which of the following was typical of postindependence India?

Answer 38

one-party control of the national government

Question 39

In which of the following ways was the Iranian revolution of 1979 NOT like the nineteenth-century Mahdist revolt in the Sudan?

Answer 39

both revolutions were Sunnite movements

Question 40

From 1948, South African politics were dominated by

Answer 40

the Nationalist Party.

Question 41

Backed by the Indians, the East Pakistanis won a war of secession that led to the establishment of the independent nation of __________ in 1972.

Answer 41

Bangladesh

Question 42

Iraq’s __________ justified his 1990 annexation of Kuwait with the argument that the oil-rich nation was an artificial creation of the British colonizers, who had seized land that originally belonged to Iraq.

Answer 42

Saddam Hussein

Question 43

Most Third World countries depend on the export of two or three food or industrial crops such as cocoa, palm oil, coffee, jute, or minerals. Such export commodities are called __________ products.

Answer 43

primary

Question 44

No military leader was more radical with regard to social and economic reform than Egypt’s __________, who came to power in 1952.

Answer 44

Gamal Abdul Nasser

Question 45

Nasser’s greatest foreign policy coup came in 1956, when he rallied international opinion to oust the British from the __________ Zone.

Answer 45

Suez Canal

Question 46

Even the __________ Dam project, which was the cornerstone of Nasser’s development drive, was something of a disaster.

Answer 46

Aswan

Question 47

Nasser’s successor, __________, had little choice but to dismantle the massive state apparatus that had been created.

Answer 47

Anwar Sadat

Question 48

In many respects, the Iranian revolution of 1979 under __________ represents a throwback to the religious fervor of anticolonial movements such as the Mahdist revolt in Sudan.

Answer 48

Ayatollah Khomeini

Question 49

Racial separation was organized on a grander scale in South Africa by the creation of numerous __________, each designated for the main ethnolinguistic groups within the Black African population.

Answer 49

homelands

Question 50

Black organizations like the __________ were declared illegal, and African leaders were shipped off to maximum-security prisons.

Answer 50

African National Congress

Question 51

The realities of the postindependence situation in virtually all new African and Asian nations made it impossible for nationalist leaders to fulfill the expectations they had aroused.

Answer 51

True

Question 52

No African leaders have seriously suggested altering the unnatural boundaries established in the colonial era.

Answer 52

True

Question 53

In every case, female heads of state in the Third World entered politics and initially won political support because they were connected to powerful males.

Answer 53

True

Question 54

The name of Ghana was taken from an ancient African nation that had been located in the same area as the Gold Coast.

Answer 54

False

Question 55

The important aspect of the Green Revolution in India was that it did not favor only those cultivators with capital to invest.

Answer 55

False

Question 56

Following Khomeini’s rise to power, veiling became mandatory for all women in Iran.

Answer 56

True

Question 57

When their revolution succeeded, the Ibo people of eastern Nigeria proclaimed an independent state of Biafra in 1967.

Answer 57

False

Question 58

Third World leaders have been quite ready to credit the legacy of colonialism and what they have termed the “neocolonial” structure of the global economy for their development success.

Answer 58

False

Question 59

During the first decades of its freedom, India had the good fortune to be governed by Jawaharlal Nehru and his allies in the Congress Party.

Answer 59

True

Question 60

10. A desire to use no chemicals in agriculture is at the heart of the Green Revolution.

Answer 60

False