Chatgpt Flashcards
Definition of Market Research:
Market research is a systematic process of gathering, analyzing, and interpreting information about the market in which a business operates
Purpose of Market Research:
Market research provides data about customers’ preferences, market trends, and competitors, guiding business decisions and strategies
Types of Data in Market Research:
Quantitative data: Analyzes numbers and statistics.
Qualitative data: Descriptive and subjective, offering insights into opinions and experiences.
Benefits of Market Research:
-Helps businesses stay informed and responsive to market changes.
-Identifies untapped market segments, trends, and gaps.
-Assesses feasibility of new products, pricing, or expansions.
-Provides insights into competitors’ strategies and customer perceptions.
-Evaluates the effectiveness of marketing campaigns and promotional activities.
Key Components of Market Research:
-Gathering data: Collecting information through surveys, interviews, observations, etc.
-Analyzing data: Examining and interpreting collected data to extract insights.
-Interpreting data: Understanding the implications of the findings for business decisions.
Role of Market Research in Decision Making:
-Provides evidence-based insights for strategic planning.
-Helps minimize risks by informing decision-making with reliable data.
-Supports the development of customer-centric products and services.
Challenges in Market Research:
-Ensuring data accuracy and reliability.
-Overcoming biases in data collection and analysis.
-Interpreting complex market dynamics and trends
Market Research Methods:
-Surveys: Questionnaires administered to a sample of respondents.
-Interviews: Structured or unstructured conversations with individuals or groups.
-Focus groups: Discussions with a small group of people to gather opinions and perceptions.
Continuous Market Research:
Market research is an ongoing process to monitor changes in customer preferences, market trends, and competitive landscape.
Definition of Primary Research:
Primary or field research involves collecting first-hand data directly from the target market or specific participants.
Examples of Primary Research:
-Surveys: Structured questionnaires or online surveys collecting data directly from participants.
-Interviews: One-on-one or group discussions to gather qualitative data.
-Focus Groups: Small group discussions to share opinions, experiences, and feedback.
-Observations: Systematically recording participant behaviors or interactions in real-life settings.
-Mystery Shopping: Evaluating service quality or customer experiences by posing as customers.
Advantages of Primary Research:
-Targeted and specific data relevant to the business’s needs.
-Full control over data collection process ensures reliability and quality.
-Provides up-to-date information for informed decision-making.
-Offers in-depth insights into customer behaviors and motivations.
-Data access limited to the organization conducting the research.
Disadvantages of Primary Research:
-Time-consuming and resource-intensive process from design to reporting.
-Costlier compared to secondary research, especially on a large scale.
-Focuses on specific aspects, potentially lacking comprehensive market views.
-May not capture broader market trends available through secondary research.
Definition of Secondary Research:
Secondary (desk) market research involves gathering and analyzing existing data and information previously collected by someone else for a different purpose.
Examples of Secondary Research:
-Published reports and studies: Industry reports, market research studies, academic papers.
-Government publications: Data and reports on economy, demographics, consumer behavior.
-Company annual reports: Financial performance, strategic initiatives, industry trends.
-Online databases and libraries: Market research databases, business journals, academic resources.
-News and Media Sources: Articles, magazines, online platforms on industry trends.
-Social media and online forums: Insights into customer opinions and emerging trends.
Advantages of Secondary Research:
-Saves time and resources compared to primary research.
-Access to comprehensive information from various sources.
-Historical data enables trend analysis over time.
-Larger sample sizes enhance validity and reliability.
Disadvantages of Secondary Research:
-Data may not be tailored to specific business needs.
-Limited control over data collection process may lead to biases or gaps.
-Data may not be up-to-date or comprehensive.
Face-to-Face Interviews:
Method: Interviews conducted personally by an interviewer to individual or multiple respondents.
Advantages: Two-way communication, explores opinions in detail, provides insights into feelings and attitudes.
Disadvantages: Expensive, requires trained researchers, qualitative data analysis can be challenging.
Postal Survey:
Method: Market research using questionnaires sent by mail.
Advantages: Inexpensive, suitable for large geographic areas, respondent flexibility.
Disadvantages: Low response rates, need for simple questions, sometimes requires incentives.
Focus Group:
Method: Small group discussions to share opinions and feedback.
Advantages: Generates qualitative information, fosters interactive discussions, idea generation.
Disadvantages: Small sample size, potential for biased responses, influenced by dominant participants.
Hall Test:
Method: Testing a product or service in a controlled environment.
Advantages: Provides instant feedback on product or service performance.
Disadvantages: Pressure on respondents for positive responses, limited environment.
Observation:
Method: Systematically observing and recording behaviors in real-life settings.
Advantages: Demonstrates real-life behavior, provides insights into consumer actions.
Disadvantages: Random samples, lack of representation, doesn’t explain attitudes.
Telephone Survey:
Method: Surveys conducted over the phone.
Advantages: Quick data collection, large geographical reach, relatively inexpensive.
Disadvantages: Low response rates, perceived as intrusive.
Online Survey:
Method: Questionnaires conducted via the internet.
Advantages: Covers large sample size, fast data collection and analysis, inexpensive.
Disadvantages: Limited to users with internet access, perceived as interference by some.
Mystery Shopper:
Method: Individuals pose as customers to evaluate service.
Advantages: Evaluates service standards, identifies improvement areas.
Disadvantages: Subject to bias, limited perspective, may not fully capture customer experience.
Social Media Listening:
Method: Monitoring and analyzing social media conversations.
Advantages: Provides insights into opinions, sentiments, and trends in real-time.
Disadvantages: Limited control and reliability of data, potential biases, lack of context.
Market Segmentation:
Process of dividing consumers into groups based on similar characteristics or needs.
Purpose of market research:
Identify and target specific customer groups to tailor marketing strategies and offerings.
Examples of market research:
-Demographic factors (age, gender, income, location)
-Psychographic factors (values, attitudes, lifestyle)
-Purchasing patterns or brand loyalty.
Benefits of Market Segmentation:
-Provides deeper insights into diverse customer needs and behaviors.
-Tailors marketing efforts to specific segments for more effective messaging.
-Directs marketing resources towards promising segments for higher ROI.
-Helps differentiate from competitors and gain a competitive edge.
Target Audience:
Specific group of people or customers a business aims to reach and engage.
Importance of target audience:
Understanding preferences and characteristics to offer products/services aligned with their needs.
Focus of target audience:
Enables businesses to concentrate marketing efforts and resources on interested individuals for cost-effective campaigns.
Marketing Mix:
Definition: Set of marketing tools used to promote products or services effectively.
Elements: Product, Price, Place, Promotion (4Ps).
Product:
Focus: Developing goods/services meeting target audience needs.
Components: Features, design, packaging, branding, value-added attributes.
Price:
Objective: Determine appropriate pricing strategy.
Factors: Production costs, competition, market demand, perceived value.
Place:
Objective: Make product/service available and accessible.
Considerations: Distribution channels, logistics, inventory management.
Promotion:
Objective: Communicate and promote product/service.
Strategies: Advertising, sales promotions, public relations, personal selling.
Mixing Elements:
Significance: Each element impacts marketing strategy.
Integration: Blend elements for cohesive marketing approach.
Idea Generation:
Definition: Stage involving brainstorming and gathering ideas for new product concepts.
Sources: Customer feedback, market research, internal teams, technological advancements.
Idea Screening:
Definition: Stage where potential ideas are evaluated and screened for feasibility.
Objective: Eliminate ideas with low market potential, focus on promising concepts.
Concept Development and Testing:
Definition: Developing selected ideas into tangible product concepts.
Activities: Creating prototypes, outlining features, conducting concept testing with target customers.
Business Analysis:
Definition: Evaluating financial viability and market potential of the product concept.
Factors: Costs, potential sales volumes, competition, market demand.
Product Development:
Definition: Designing the product, creating specifications, developing prototypes.
Activities: Testing, refinement, modifications to meet quality standards and customer expectations.
Market Testing:
Definition: Testing the product in a controlled market environment before full-scale launch.
Purpose: Gather real-world feedback, assess consumer response, identify improvements.
Launch:
Definition: Introducing the product to the market.
Activities: Branding, packaging, pricing, distribution, marketing campaigns, customer support.
Product Life Cycle:
Stages a product goes through from introduction to decline.
Phases of Product Life Cycle:
Introduction, Growth, Maturity, Decline.
Introduction Stage:
High advertising/promotional costs, gaining market foothold, attracting early adopters.
Growth Stage:
Increasing sales/profit, gaining traction, expanding market share.
Maturity Stage:
Peak sales/profit, wide market acceptance, intense competition, extending lifecycle through updates/extensions.
Decline Stage:
Decrease in sales, factors like new competitors, changing preferences, or product obsolescence.
Life Cycle Extension Strategies:
-Updating/Improving Product: Adding features, enhancing performance.
-Introducing Variations/Versions: Catering to different segments, addressing specific needs.
-Exploring New Markets: Geographic expansion, targeting new segments.
-Modifying Positioning/Messaging: Rebranding, changing packaging, emphasizing different benefits.
-Price Reduction: Temporary boost in sales, but unlikely to significantly extend the life cycle alone.
-Customer Engagement Initiatives: Loyalty programs, rewards for fostering repeat purchases.
-Incorporating Sustainability Features: Appealing to environmentally conscious consumers.
Branding:
Product’s identity in the market, making it recognizable and distinct from competitors.
Elements of branding:
Brand name, logo, tagline, design, messaging.
Purposes of Branding:
-Differentiation: Sets product apart from competitors.
-Recognition: Builds familiarity and facilitates recall.
-Trust and Credibility: Signifies quality, consistency, reliability.
-Emotional Connection: Evokes emotions, connects with values and lifestyle.
-Profitability: Encourages loyalty, higher demand, allowing for premium pricing.
Examples of Branding:
-Apple: Minimalist branding, bitten apple logo, “Think Different.”
-Nike: Swoosh logo, “Just Do It,” associated with athletic performance.
-Coca-Cola: Red and white logo, iconic bottle shape, “Taste the Feeling,” synonymous with happiness.
-Google: Colourful logo, simplicity, intelligence, user-friendly technology.
Branding:
Reflection of the product, important aspect of branding.
Purpose of branding:
Attract buyers, store, handle, transport, display the product.
Benefits of Effective Packaging:
-Attractiveness and Increased Sales: Enhances appeal, influences purchasing decisions.
-Brand Recognition: Creates brand differentiation, stands out in the marketplace.
-Protection: Reduces risk of damage during transportation, enhances customer satisfaction.
-Reduced Costs: Efficient packaging reduces production and transportation costs.
-Preservation of Freshness: Maintains quality of perishable goods, extends shelf life.
-Promotional Opportunities: Communicates product features, benefits, enhances visibility.
-Regulatory Information: Provides space for legally required information, ensures compliance.
Disadvantages of Poor Packaging:
-Increased Costs: Rework, damage during transit, customer returns.
-Negative Impact on Brand: Perceived as poor quality, inferior product.
-Negative Environmental Impact: Non-recyclable packaging harms environment, affects brand reputation.
Cost of Production:
Fundamental factor including raw materials, labor, manufacturing, and overhead costs.
Purpose of cost of production:
Ensure product price covers production expenses
Objective of Maximizing Profits:
Set prices to generate highest possible profit margins.
Considerations when Maximising Profit:
Analyze cost of production, market demand, competition for optimal pricing strategy.
Competition:
Influence: Market competition impacts pricing decisions.
Considerations: Market share, positioning, availability of substitutes influence pricing strategies.
Customer Demand:
Influence: Factors like preferences, purchasing power, and willingness to pay affect pricing.
Considerations: Perceived value, demand sensitivity to price changes.
Value Proposition:
Unique features, superior quality, additional benefits command higher prices.