Chem In Everyday Life Flashcards
What are cationic detergents?
Quarternary ammonium salts of amines with acetates, chlorides, or bromides as anions.
E.g: Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide used in hair conditioners
What are an anionic detergents?
Anionic detergents are sodium salts of sulphonated long chain hydrocarbons or alcohols. E.g.: Sodium laurylsulphate
Uses: Household work, toothpaste etc.
What are narrow spectrum antibiotics?
Antibiotics which are effective mainly against grams +ve or -ve bacteria
E.g.: Penicillin G
What are broad spectrum antibiotics?
They kill or inhibit a wide range of gram +ve and -ve bacteria.
E.g: Ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline etc.
What are limited spectrum antibiotics?
Effective against a single organism or disease
What are tranquilizers?
Class of chemical compounds used for treatment of stress, fatigue, and mild or even severe mental diseases. Relieve anxiety, stress, irritability, or excitement by inducing a sense of well-being.
E.g.: Iproniazid, chlordiazepoxide, equanil, luminal, etc.
What are antacids?
Chemical substances which remove the excess acid in the stomach and raise the pH to appropriate level
E.g.: Sodium hydrogencarbonate, a mixture of aluminum and magnesium hydroxide, ranitidine etc.
What are analgesics?
Chemical compounds used for relieving pain. Relieve pain by acting on CNS or on peripheral pain mechanism, without significantly affecting consciousness.
What are the two types of analgesics?
Narcotics-Morphine, cocaine, heroin
Non-narcotics-Aspirin, ibuprofen etc.
What are disinfectants?
Chemical substances which prevent growth of micro organisms or kill them, but are harmful to living tissues (Ref. Antiseptics)
Applied on inanimate objects
E.g.: 1% solution of phenol
What are antiseptics?
Chemical substances which prevent growth of micro organisms or kill them but aren’t harmful to living human tissues. Are applied on wounds, cuts, ulcers, diseased skin surface.
E.g.: Dettol, hydrogen peroxide, soframycin, etc.
