chem path

Question 1

hypo hormones

Answer 1

trh, gnrh, crh, ghrh, ss, dop

Question 2

ap hormones

Answer 2

ls, fsh, tsh, acth, gh, prolac

Question 3

amphibolic hormones

Answer 3

directly influences both anabolic and catabolic processes

Question 4

acromegaly cause and symp

Answer 4

pit tumour - macroadenoma
children - gigantism
hyn, gluc intol, change in features, sweating

Question 5

hyperprolac causes and symp

Answer 5

m- macroadenoma, gynae, ed
f- microadenoma, amenorrhea, galactorohea
hypothy
damage to stalk

Question 6

prolactinoma

Answer 6

pit tum secreting pl
irreg menses f
mass effect in m

Question 7

panhypopit

Answer 7

complete loss of function of pit

Question 8

monotropic h def

Answer 8

loss of single pit h

Question 9

deficiency og vasopressin

Answer 9

dbt insip

Question 10

siadh

Answer 10

inc adh
inc aquaporins
inc water abs thus low na osmo
dec urine volume

Question 11

calcium roles

Answer 11

bone
nueromusc excitation
blood clotting
activation by hormones

Question 12

normal ca weight of body

Answer 12

1kg

Question 13

decr ionized [ca] what affect on neuromusc

Answer 13

increases neuromuscular excitability
STIM pth

Question 14

where is majority of ca reabs

Answer 14

prox tubule with na (65%)

Question 15

fine adjustments of ca reabs takes place where under what control

Answer 15

15% of ca reabs takes placr in dist ct and col ducts where pth controls the precise amount to maintain homeo

Question 16

pth relation to ionized ca

Answer 16

inversely
~1% change in conc enough to affect pth sec

Question 17

hypomahnesaemia affect on pth sec

Answer 17

inhibits because mg is required for its synth

Question 18

pth actions on bone

Answer 18

stim osteoclast activity to rel ca and ph

Question 19

pth action on kidneys

Answer 19

inc ca reabs by dt
dec ph reabs

Question 20

pth action on vit d

Answer 20

stim renal production of 1.25 dhcc

Question 21

1.25dhcc action

Answer 21

inc ionized ca and dec ph
it is the active vit d

Question 22

prolonged excess pth

Answer 22

hypercal
hyphosph
inc alp

Question 23

pth deficiency

Answer 23

hypocal
hyperphosph

Question 24

calbindin

Answer 24

synth stim by 1.25dhcc to inc calcium and phosph uptake from small intq

Question 25

thyroid hormone affect in ca

Answer 25

inc metab rate therefore inc rate of ca removal

Question 26

n range of calc

Answer 26

2.15 - 2.55mmol/l

Question 27

phosph roles

Answer 27

combine with ca for bone
urinary buffer
maintenence of cell wall
enzyme reg

Question 28

hyperphosph cuases

Answer 28

factitious- haemolysis, delay in separation from rbc
inc intake - vit d overdose
cell release - tissue destruction eg chemo/ bone release eg malig

Question 29

decrease renal excr of phosph

Answer 29

renal failure, hypothyroidism

Question 30

hypophosph causes

Answer 30

decrease intake
increase cell uptake
incr renal excr

Question 31

magnesium roles

Answer 31

normal dna function
prot synth
nueromusc excitation
synth and secr of pth

Question 32

t3 is production process

Answer 32

30% of t4 undergoes b-deiodination to form (80%) t3

Question 33

a-deiodenation

Answer 33

produces inactive reverse t3 from t4
this bad because lowers prod of active t3

Question 34

thy hs actions

Answer 34

stim and accel metab
growth and devel
degrades at liver

Question 35

broad categories of hyperthyroidism

Answer 35

over activity
thyroid destruction and release of hormones (subacute thyroiditis)
ectopic thy h prod
exogenous thyroxine

Question 36

graves disease lab results

Answer 36

tsh receptor antibodies
inc t3 and t4
dec tsh

Question 37

t3 toxicosis

Answer 37

gland over prod t3 rather than inc t4 conversion
early sign of thyrotoxicosis
before t4 elevates

Question 38

toxic adenoma cause and lab test

Answer 38

less common hyperthyroidism
1 or more adenoma on normal gland

early all indices are normal
late tsh secr subnormal with inc thy hs

Question 39

neonatal hyperthyroidism

Answer 39

infants born to mums of graves
autoim antibodies enter placenta and stim feotal thyroid

Question 40

thyroid storm presentation

Answer 40

acute thyrotoxicosis
hyperpyrexia
tachy
htn
dehyd
card fx

Question 41

1° vs 2° hypothyroidism

Answer 41

1° high tsh with thyroid dysfunctional
2° low tsh with pituitary dysfunctional

both low t3 and t4

Question 42

hashimotos thyroiditis

Answer 42

destruction of thyroid by peroxidase antibodies

Question 43

cretinism

Answer 43

failure to treat congential hypothyroidism in neonates

Question 44

subclinical hypothyroidism

Answer 44

normal or slightly dec t3 and t4
slightly elevated tsh

no evidence of dx
early stages of dx require early treatment

Question 45

sick euthyroid sy

Answer 45

abn in thy function because of non thy illness eg mi, renal fx
decline in conv of t4 to t3
inc t4 to rt3

Question 46

myxedema coma

Answer 46

hypothyroid patients with with hypothermia, stupor, coma

Question 47

anti thyroid drugs

Answer 47

iodine
carbimazole
propylthiouracil

Question 48

dbt mel 1 vs 2

Answer 48

1 - lack of insulin, juvenile, insulin dep
2 - resistance to insulin or secr defect, adult, insulin indep

Question 49

gest dbt defn

Answer 49

carb intol > hyperglycemia during/onset with pregnancy

Question 50

diagnosis of dm

Answer 50

random gluc >11.1 and sympt
fasting gluc >7
oral gluc tol test or HbA1c >6.5%

Question 51

phaeochromocytoma, paragaglioma, neuroblastoma

Answer 51

catecholamine producing tumours