Chemical Bonding

Question 1

List the type of chemical bonds

Answer 1

-ionic
-covalent
-metallic

Question 2

List the type of forces

Answer 2

-intermolecular(van der Waals)
-London dispersion forces
-dipole-dipole forces

Question 3

Define Ionic bonds

Answer 3

These are bonds formed between metals and non metals where the electronegativity difference is at least 1.67 leading to a loss and gain of electrons.

Question 4

Briefly define a Covalent bond

Answer 4

This is a bond that results due to similarity in electronegativity values in non metals leading to sharing of electrons.The electronegativity difference is less than 0.4.

Question 5

Give an example of elements that can form ionic bonds

Answer 5

Oxygen and Magnesium
Sodium and Chlorine

Question 6

Give examples of proper covalent bonds

Answer 6

N2(Nitrogen) , O2(Oxygen ),Cl2 (Chlorine)
(diatomic molecules)

Question 7

Give examples of polar covalent bonds

Answer 7

Water
(Because the hydrogen has a partially positive charge and the oxygen has a partially negative charge) so it is polar

Question 8

What is meant by polar?

Answer 8

It means that there is an uneven distribution of charge

Question 9

Briefly define a polar Bond

Answer 9

This is a bond that results due to electronegativity difference between 0.4 and 1.67 in non-metals leading to unequal sharing of electrons. For example the bond between oxygen and hydrogen.

Question 10

Briefly define a metallic Bond

Answer 10

This is a bond that occurs between a sea of delocalized electrons and ions.

Question 11

Define intermolecular bonds

Answer 11

These are bonds that occur due to weak forces or bonds that occur between different molecules or compounds.

Question 12

What causes dipole-dipole forces?

Answer 12

These occur as a result of different charges on molecules.

Question 13

What causes hydrogen bonding?

Answer 13

This is a result of forces between hydrogen and either flourine ,oxygen or nitrogen.

Question 14

What causes London dispersion forces?

Answer 14

This occur as a result of unequal distribution of electrons.

Question 15

What do forces have an effect on when it comes to compounds?

Answer 15

Forces have an effect on melting points and boiling points and the ability to dissolve a substance in another.

Question 16

How do forces affect melting points and boiling points?

Answer 16

The stronger the forces the harder it is to overcome the bonds leading to higher melting point and higher boiling point.

Question 17

What is the effect of forces on the ability to dissolve a substance in another?

Answer 17

Charged substances dissolve other charged substances,
polar dissolves polar,
non-polar dissolves non-polar

Question 18

What are miscible substances?

Answer 18

These are substances that can dissolve in another substance.

Question 19

What are immiscible substances?

Answer 19

These are substances that cannot dissolve in another substance.

Question 20

What are hydrophobic substances?

Answer 20

These are substances that cannot dissolve in water.
They are water hating.

Question 21

What are hydrophilic substances?

Answer 21

These are substances that can dissolve in water?

Question 22

Explain the importance of valence shell electrons in terms of bonding.

Answer 22

Valence shell electrons are used to form bonds in Bond electrons then distributed as lone pairs. The bonds formed can be used to determine the shape of the compound.

Question 23

List the shapes that result from bonding

Answer 23

Linear
bent
trigonal planar
trigonal pyramidal
tetrahedral

Question 24

What is the effect of different structure on the chemical compound or molecule?

Answer 24

Different structure will influence the interaction of a chemical leading to different properties

Question 25

What is the rule for transition elements when doing chemical bonding?

Answer 25

The valence that was used should be shown in front of the transition element using a Roman numeral.

Question 26

What is the formula for calculating the charge of the element bonded?

Answer 26

Charge= V.S.E- [(1/2 B.E + L.E)]

Question 27

Define a polar Bond

Answer 27

Results due to electronegativity difference between 0.4 and 1.67 in non metals leading to unequal sharing of electrons.