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chemistry p1 > chemical changes c4 > Flashcards

chemical changes c4 Flashcards

1
Q

what happens when a metal reacts with an oxygen

A

forms a metal oxide

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2
Q

what is gaining oxygen called

A

oxidation reaction

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3
Q

what is loosing oxygen called

A

reduction

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4
Q

what reacts with water very rapidly at room temp

A

potassium
sodium
lithium

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5
Q

what reacts with water rapidly at room temp

A

calcium

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6
Q

what doesn’t react with water at room temp

A

magnesium
zinc
iron
copper

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7
Q

what does the reactivity of a metal depend on

A

its ability to loose electrons and form a positive ion

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8
Q

what is displacement when extracting metals

A

a more reactive metal will displace a less reactive one

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9
Q

what is oxidisation

A

the loss of electrons

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10
Q

what is reduction

A

the gain of electrons

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11
Q

what do acids produce in (aq) solutions

A

hydrogen ions (H+) by ionisation

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12
Q

what are bases

A

chemicals that can neutralise acids

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13
Q

what do bases produce

A

a salt and water

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14
Q

what are bases that are soluble in water called

A

alkali

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15
Q

what do alkalis produce in (aq) solutions

A

hydroxide ion (OH-)

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16
Q

what colour is acidic

A

red

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17
Q

what colour is alkali

A

purple

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18
Q

what colour is neutral

A

green

19
Q

what products do we make when reacting a metal to a acid

A

a salt and hydrogen gas

20
Q

what happens when you react a metal with hydrochloric acid

A

a salt with the ending -chlordide is produced

21
Q

what happens when you react a metal with sulfuric acid

A

a salt with the ending -sulfate is produced

22
Q

what happens when you react a base or alkali with an acid

A

a salt and water is produced

23
Q

properties of a salt

A

a positive ion which comes from base or alkali
a negative ion which comes from the acid

24
Q

what does nitric acid make

A

……-nitrate

25
Q

what is made when you react a metal carbonate with acid

A

a salt, water and carbon dioxide

26
Q

what happenes to strong acids in (aq) solutions

A

fully ionises

27
Q

examples of three strong acids

A

hydrochloric acid
sulfuric acid
nitric acid

28
Q

what happenes to weak acids in (aq) solutions

A

only partially ionise

29
Q

examples of three weak acids

A

carbonic acid
ethanoic acid
citric acid

30
Q

what does the pH scale tell us

A

the concentration of H+ ions

31
Q

what does the concentration of an acid tell us

A

the number of acid molecules in a given volume

32
Q

why can’t solid ionic compounds conduct electricity

A

the ions are locked in place and not free to move as they are held in place by strong electrostatic forces

33
Q

what is an electrolyte

A

an ionic compound that is liquid/molten form

34
Q

what is the negative electrode called

A

cathode

35
Q

what is the positive electrode called

A

anode

36
Q

what happenes in electrolysis

A

the positive ions are attracted to the cathode where they loose electrons (reduction) whereas the negative ions are attracted to the anode where they loose electrons (oxidisation) they then form atoms

37
Q

what happens in the electrolysis of aluminum oxide

A
  1. aluminum mixed with cryolite which lowers the boiling point- reducing amount of energy needed and therefore saving ££
  2. add the cathode + anode
  3. aluminum ions are attracted to the cathodes (Al 3+) where each ion gains 3 electrons (reduction)
  4. the oxygen ions are attracted to anode where they loose 2 electrons
38
Q

what is the half equations for electrolysis of aluminum oxide

A

Al (3+). + 3e- –> Al

39
Q

what is the half equations for the oxidisation of oxygen O(2-)

A

O(2-) —> O + 2e-

40
Q

what is important that you do with the anode

A

change it regally

41
Q

why is electrolysis very expensive

A

melting compounds requirers a great deal of energy
a lot of energy is required to produce the electrical current

42
Q

what does ionise mean

A

split

43
Q

what does water ionise into

A

hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions

44
Q

what is produce at the cathode is the metal is more reactive than hydrogen

A

hydrogen

chemistry p1 (5 decks)

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